{"id":11454,"date":"2026-06-25T12:49:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-25T12:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/2026\/06\/25\/iki-ortakli-limited-sirketlerde-ortakliktan-cikarma\/"},"modified":"2026-06-25T12:49:00","modified_gmt":"2026-06-25T12:49:00","slug":"iki-ortakli-limited-sirketlerde-ortakliktan-cikarma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/2026\/06\/25\/iki-ortakli-limited-sirketlerde-ortakliktan-cikarma\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0130K\u0130 ORTAKLI L\u0130M\u0130TED \u015e\u0130RKETLERDE ORTAKLIKTAN \u00c7IKARMA"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bu makalede, \u00fclkemizde en yayg\u0131n \u015firket t\u00fcrlerinden olan limited \u015firketlerin iki ortakl\u0131 olmas\u0131 durumunda ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karmaya ili\u015fkin sorunu g\u00fcncel mevzuat \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirece\u011fim. Ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma, ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere orta\u011f\u0131n kendi iradesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ortakl\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n sona ermesidir. Kanun koyucu, 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu’nun 640. maddesinde bu konuya ili\u015fkin temel ilkeleri belirlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Madde 640\/1 <\/strong>\u015eirket s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde, bir orta\u011f\u0131n genel kurul karar\u0131 ile \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilece\u011fi sebepler \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir.<\/p>\n

Madde metninden de anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere kanun koyucu, ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir sebeplerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aram\u0131\u015f ve bu sebeplerin ortakl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde yer almas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir. S\u00f6zle\u015fmede belirlenen sebebin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesi halinde genel kurul karar\u0131 al\u0131narak orta\u011f\u0131n ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011flan\u0131r. Salt olarak genel kurulda di\u011fer ortaklar\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karma i\u00e7in karar almas\u0131 yeterli olmay\u0131p, s\u00f6zle\u015fmede belirlenmi\u015f olan sebebin de ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bir di\u011fer \u00e7\u0131karma hali ise kanunun 640\/3. maddesinde belirtilmi\u015ftir. 640\/3 maddede \u201c\u015eirketin istemi \u00fczerine orta\u011f\u0131n mahkeme karar\u0131yla hakl\u0131 sebebe dayan\u0131larak \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 h\u00e2li sakl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d denilerek, ilk f\u0131krada belirtilenden farkl\u0131 olarak ortakl\u0131k s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde yer almasa dahi hakl\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclecek sebeplerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ortakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n talebi \u00fczerine mahkemenin, orta\u011f\u0131n ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verebilece\u011fi d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Hakl\u0131 sebeplere \u00f6rnek olarak orta\u011f\u0131n \u015firket s\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 if\u015fa etmesi, haks\u0131z rekabet yasa\u011f\u0131na uymamas\u0131 ve sadakat y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ihlal etmesi gibi durumlar say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n

Ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma karar\u0131, \u015firketin gelece\u011fini etkileyen ve onar\u0131lmas\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7 zararlara yol a\u00e7abilecek nitelikte bir karard\u0131r. Bu sebepledir ki T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu’nun 616\/1-h maddesi gere\u011fince, bir orta\u011f\u0131n \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in mahkemeden istemde bulunulmas\u0131 hakk\u0131 yaln\u0131zca genel kurula tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f ve genel kurulun bu yetkisinin devredilemez nitelikte oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir. Ayr\u0131ca kanun koyucu, ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak 640. maddede d\u00fczenlenen ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karmaya ili\u015fkin genel kurul kararlar\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nabilmesi i\u00e7in salt \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fun iradesini yeterli g\u00f6rmeyip a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir nisap \u015fart\u0131 getirmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu’nun 621\/1-h maddesi gere\u011fince, ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karmaya ili\u015fkin genel kurul kararlar\u0131, temsil edilen oylar\u0131n en az \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin ve oy hakk\u0131 bulunan esas sermayenin tamam\u0131n\u0131n salt \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun bir arada bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde al\u0131nabilir. Kanun maddesince, ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma i\u00e7in esas sermayenin salt \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ile birlikte temsil edilen oylar\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7te ikisi gerekmektedir. Peki, e\u011fer \u015firketin ayn\u0131 sermaye oran\u0131na sahip iki orta\u011f\u0131 varsa \u00fc\u00e7te iki oy oran\u0131 ve sermayenin salt \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu nisab\u0131 nas\u0131l sa\u011flanacakt\u0131r?<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay 11. Hukuk Dairesi, 2016\/709 E. ve 2017\/3376 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131<\/a>nda, \u015firketin %95 hisse sahibi olan davac\u0131n\u0131n, di\u011fer orta\u011f\u0131n hakl\u0131 nedenle ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 talep etti\u011fi davay\u0131 incelemi\u015ftir. Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131nda; \u201cMahkemece; iddia, savunma ve t\u00fcm dosya kapsam\u0131na g\u00f6re, TTK 621\/1-h bendine g\u00f6re bir orta\u011f\u0131n hakl\u0131 sebepler dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 talebiyle mahkemeye ba\u015fvurulabilmesi i\u00e7in temsil edilen oylar\u0131n en az 2\/3’sinin ve oy hakk\u0131 bulunan esas sermayenin tamam\u0131n\u0131n salt \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun bir arada bulundu\u011fu genel kurul karar\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, daval\u0131 orta\u011f\u0131n hakl\u0131 sebepler ile \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f bir genel kurul karar\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle davan\u0131n reddine karar verilmi\u015ftir.\u201d diyerek, kanunun tan\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir hakk\u0131n iki ortakl\u0131 \u015firketler i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 kanaatine varm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak kararda kar\u015f\u0131 oy kullanan \u00fcye, y\u0131llard\u0131r doktrinde belirtilen ve hukuki a\u00e7\u0131dan isabetli olan bir \u015ferhi karara d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. \u00dcye kar\u015f\u0131 oyunda \u015f\u00f6yle belirtmi\u015ftir: \u201cTTK m. 621\/1-h uyar\u0131nca, limited ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma iste\u011fiyle mahkemeye ba\u015fvurmak i\u00e7in \u015firket genel kurulunun hem sermaye pay\u0131 hem de ortak say\u0131s\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden nitelikli \u00e7o\u011funluk oyu aranmakta ise de bu h\u00fckm\u00fcn iki ortakl\u0131 \u015firketler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden uygulanma kabiliyeti bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Zira iki ortakl\u0131 \u015firketlerde hakl\u0131 sebeple \u00e7\u0131karma i\u00e7in 2\/3 oy \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun sa\u011flanmas\u0131 imkans\u0131zd\u0131r. O nedenle iki ortakl\u0131 \u015firketlerde, \u015firket genel kurulunun herhangi bir i\u015flevinin olmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclmemeli; 2\/3 oy oran\u0131 sadece ortak say\u0131s\u0131 en az \u00fc\u00e7 olan ortakl\u0131klar y\u00f6n\u00fcnden kabul edilmeli, oy miktar\u0131 2\/3’ten fazla olan bir orta\u011f\u0131n di\u011ferine hakl\u0131 sebeple ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma davas\u0131 a\u00e7abilme hakk\u0131n\u0131n oldu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir (O. H. \u015eener, Ortakl\u0131klar Hukuku, s. 725). Nitekim 6762 say\u0131l\u0131 TTK m. 551 zaman\u0131nda da ortaklar kurulunda ekseriyetle karar al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u015fart\u0131na ra\u011fmen \u00f6\u011fretide, bir orta\u011f\u0131n di\u011fer orta\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in mahkemeye ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fi kabul edilmi\u015f; \u015firketin tek orta\u011fa inmesi halinde feshinin g\u00fcndeme gelece\u011fine i\u015faret edilmi\u015ftir (\u0130. Do\u011fanay, TTK, II. Cilt, s. 1490-1491, 1380). An\u0131lan nedenlerle somut olayda genel kurul karar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmaks\u0131z\u0131n mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131n hakl\u0131 sebep kavram\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnden denetlenmesi gerekirken, genel kurul karar\u0131 yoklu\u011fu sebebiyle davan\u0131n reddine dair mahkeme karar\u0131n\u0131 onayan Dairemiz \u00e7o\u011funluk g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne kat\u0131lm\u0131yorum.\u201d \u00dcye, bu ifadelerle kanunun 621\/1-h maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen nitelikli yeter say\u0131n\u0131n iki ortakl\u0131 \u015firketler bak\u0131m\u0131ndan uygulanabilir olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bu nedenle iki ortakl\u0131 \u015firketlerde hakl\u0131 sebeple ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma i\u00e7in genel kurul karar\u0131 \u015fart\u0131 olmaks\u0131z\u0131n mahkemeye ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini belirtmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay karar\u0131na konu olayda da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00fczere, iki ortakl\u0131 limited \u015firketlerde hakl\u0131 sebebe dayanarak ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmay\u0131p TTK\u2019n\u0131n 616\/1-h ile 621\/1-h maddeleri bu tip \u015firketlerde hakl\u0131 sebeple ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karman\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc kapatmaktayd\u0131. Bu durum, Anayasam\u0131z\u0131n 48. maddesi ile getirilen te\u015febb\u00fcs \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ile 40. maddesi ile teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nan etkili ba\u015fvuru haklar\u0131n\u0131n ihlali sonucunu do\u011furuyordu.<\/p>\n

Bak\u0131rk\u00f6y 1. Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ba\u015fvuru ile 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu’nun 616\/1-h ile 621\/1-h maddelerinin Anayasa’ya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f ve ilgili maddelerin iptalini talep etmi\u015ftir. Anayasa Mahkemesi ba\u015fvuruyu 25\/12\/2025 tarihinde karara ba\u011flam\u0131\u015f; E.2025\/128, K.2025\/273 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131,<\/a> 17 Mart 2026 tarihli ve 33199 say\u0131l\u0131 Resm\u00ee Gazete\u2019de yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Anayasa Mahkemesi karar\u0131nda, \u201cBir \u015firket orta\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hakl\u0131 sebeple \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131n, \u015firketin hem hukuki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sona ermesini \u00f6nleyen hem de ticari alandaki faaliyetlerine daha etkin ve verimli bir \u015fekilde devam etmesini sa\u011flayan bir \u00e7are oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131r. Zira \u015firket \u00e7at\u0131s\u0131 alt\u0131nda belli hedeflerin yerine getirilebilmesi uyumlu bir i\u015f birli\u011fini gerektirmekte, \u00e7\u0131karma kurumu da bir yandan i\u015f birli\u011fini bozan durumu ortadan kald\u0131rmakta di\u011fer yandan da \u015firketin hukuki varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesini sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r. Bu itibarla kanun koyucunun \u015firketin faaliyetlerinin devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama amac\u0131 do\u011frultusunda olu\u015fturdu\u011fu \u00e7\u0131karma mekanizmas\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde talepte bulunulabilmesi te\u015febb\u00fcs \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.\u201d diyerek, mevcut d\u00fczenlemenin Anayasa’\u0131n 48. maddesini ihlal etti\u011fini belirlemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u201cTemel hak ve h\u00fcrriyetlerin korunmas\u0131\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 40. madde ile anayasal bir hakk\u0131n\u0131n ihlal edildi\u011fini ileri s\u00fcren herkese; hakk\u0131n niteli\u011fine uygun olarak iddialar\u0131n\u0131 inceletebilece\u011fi makul, eri\u015filebilir, etkili, ihlalin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmesini veya s\u00fcrmesini engellemeye ya da sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rmaya elveri\u015fli idari ve yarg\u0131sal yollara ba\u015fvuruda bulunabilme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 teminat alt\u0131na al\u0131nmaktad\u0131r (AYM, E.2019\/102, K.2019\/99, 25\/12\/2019, \u00a7 17). Mahkeme karar\u0131nda, iki ortakl\u0131 limited \u015firketlerde hakl\u0131 sebeple \u00e7\u0131karma i\u00e7in gerekli g\u00f6r\u00fclen oy nisab\u0131n\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131n imkans\u0131z olmas\u0131 nedeniyle iptali istenen maddelerin Anayasa’n\u0131n 40. maddesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

Anayasa Mahkemesi, yukar\u0131da izah edilen sebeplerle 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu’nun 616\/1-h maddesinin \u201ciki ortakl\u0131 limited \u015firketler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden\u201d iptaline, 621\/1-h maddesinde bulunan \u201cBir orta\u011f\u0131n hakl\u0131 sebepler dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015firketten \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in mahkemeye ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131\u2026\u201d ibaresinin de \u201ciki ortakl\u0131 limited \u015firketler y\u00f6n\u00fcnden\u201d iptaline karar vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Bu karar neticesinde, e\u015fit sermaye oran\u0131na sahip iki ortak veya sermayesi az olan ortak, hakl\u0131 sebeplerin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 halinde mahkemeye ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma talebi ile ba\u015fvurabilecektir. Bu kapsamda mahkeme, devletin te\u015febb\u00fcs \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn korunmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik pozitif y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc destekler nitelikte bir karar vermi\u015ftir. (Ancak kararda alt\u0131 \u00fcye; s\u00f6zle\u015fme \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve basiretli tacir ilkeleri \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde kar\u015f\u0131 oy kullanm\u0131\u015f olup hukuki de\u011ferlendirme bak\u0131m\u0131ndan \u00e7ok de\u011ferli olan bu kar\u015f\u0131 oylar\u0131n incelenmesini de tavsiye ederim.)<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n\n

Av. Vedat \u00c7EL\u0130K<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n <\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bu makalede, \u00fclkemizde en yayg\u0131n \u015firket t\u00fcrlerinden olan limited \u015firketlerin iki ortakl\u0131 olmas\u0131 durumunda ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karmaya ili\u015fkin sorunu g\u00fcncel mevzuat \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde de\u011ferlendirece\u011fim. Ortakl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131karma, ad\u0131ndan da anla\u015f\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere orta\u011f\u0131n kendi iradesi d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ortakl\u0131k s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n sona ermesidir. Kanun koyucu, 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu’nun 640. maddesinde bu konuya ili\u015fkin temel ilkeleri belirlemi\u015ftir. Madde 640\/1 \u015eirket s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinde,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11455,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-diger"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11454","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11454"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11454\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11455"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11454"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11454"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11454"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}