Esas No:2021\/3107<\/strong> de19. Ceza Dairesi 2021\/3107 E. , 2021\/2771 K.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00d6LGE<\/strong>ADL\u0130YE<\/strong>MAHKEMELER\u0130<\/strong> A-) KARAR<\/strong>UYU\u015eMAZLI\u011eININ<\/strong>G\u0130DER\u0130LMES\u0130NE<\/strong>DA\u0130R<\/strong>BA\u015eVURU<\/strong> B-) KARAR<\/strong>UYU\u015eMAZLI\u011eININ<\/strong>G\u0130DER\u0130LMES\u0130NE<\/strong>KONU<\/strong>KARAR<\/strong>LAR C-) KARAR<\/strong>UYU\u015eMAZLI\u011eININ<\/strong>G\u0130DER\u0130LMES\u0130NE<\/strong>KONU<\/strong>B\u00d6LGE<\/strong>ADL\u0130YE<\/strong>MAHKEMES\u0130<\/strong>CEZA<\/strong>DA\u0130RELER\u0130<\/strong>KARAR<\/strong>LARININ \u00d6ZETL<\/strong>ER\u0130 D-) KARAR<\/strong> UYU\u015eMAZLI\u011eI HAKKINDA YARGITAY CUMHUR\u0130YET BA\u015eSAVCILI\u011eININ G\u00d6R\u00dc\u015e\u00dc VE<\/strong> TALEB\u0130 E-) KARAR<\/strong> UYU\u015eMAZLI\u011eI \u0130LE \u0130LG\u0130L\u0130 YASAL D\u00dcZENLEMELER F-) \u0130NCELEME<\/strong>, DE\u011eERLEND\u0130RME<\/strong>VE<\/strong>GEREK\u00c7E<\/strong> T.C.Yarg\u0131tay19. Ceza Dairesi Esas No:2021\/3107Karar No:2021\/2771K. Tarihi: de19. Ceza Dairesi 2021\/3107 E. , 2021\/2771 K. B\u00d6LGEADL\u0130YEMAHKEMELER\u0130CEZADA\u0130RELER\u0130ARASINDAK\u0130KARARUYU\u015eMAZLI\u011eININ A-) KARARUYU\u015eMAZLI\u011eINING\u0130DER\u0130LMES\u0130NEDA\u0130RBA\u015eVURU\u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi Ceza Daireleri Ba\u015fkanlar Kurulunun, 23.10.2020 tarihli ve 2020\/2 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda;\u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Ceza Dairesinin 17.07.2019 tarihli, 2019\/2610 esas 2019\/2412 karar, 13.02.2020 tarihli, 2019\/2627 esas 2020\/599 karar, 04.03.2020 tarihli, 2020\/908 esas 2020\/882 karar say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131 ile;\u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 16. Ceza Dairesinin 28.06.2019 tarihli,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10362,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[72],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11212"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11212"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11212\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11213,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11212\/revisions\/11213"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10362"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Karar No:2021\/2771<\/strong>
K. Tarihi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
CEZA<\/strong>DA\u0130RELER\u0130<\/strong>ARASINDAK\u0130<\/strong>
KARAR<\/strong>UYU\u015eMAZLI\u011eININ<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi Ceza Daireleri Ba\u015fkanlar Kurulunun, 23.10.2020 <\/strong>tarihli ve 2020\/2 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda;
\u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Ceza Dairesinin 17.07.2019 <\/strong>tarihli, 2019\/2610 esas 2019\/2412 karar, 13.02.2020 <\/strong>tarihli, 2019\/2627 esas 2020\/599 karar, 04.03.2020 <\/strong>tarihli, 2020\/908 esas 2020\/882 karar say\u0131l\u0131 kararlar\u0131 ile;
\u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 16. Ceza Dairesinin 28.06.2019 <\/strong>tarihli, 2019\/2016 esas 2019\/2177 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 ve \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Ceza Dairesinin 16.07.2020 <\/strong>tarihli, 2019\/1858 esas 2020\/2167 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131 aras\u0131nda;
“…Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet vermek su\u00e7u ile ilgili olarak, s\u00fcresinde ibraz edilen \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne, ilgili banka taraf\u0131ndan “i\u015fbu \u00e7ekin … tarihinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur.” \u015feklinde yaz\u0131lan ibarenin, usul\u00fcne uygun olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi niteli\u011finde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile bu ibareye istinaden san\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkumiyetine karar verilip verilemeyece\u011fi…” hususlar\u0131nda karar uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015f, bu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan toplant\u0131 sonucunda;
\u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi Ba\u015fkanlar Kurulunun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu taraf\u0131ndan; “…tarihinde i\u015fbu \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur.” \u015feklindeki \u015ferhte yer alan ifadeden esasen hesapta hi\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ibraz tarihinde hesap bakiyesinin “0”TL<\/strong> oldu\u011funun belirtilmek istendi\u011fi, a\u00e7\u0131lan ceza davas\u0131nda ibraz tarihinde muhatap bankan\u0131n \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu miktar\u0131n \u00e7ek bedelinden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmek suretiyle verilecek cezan\u0131n hesaplanabilece\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla san\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkumiyetine karar verilebilece\u011fi oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla kabul edilmi\u015f, ancak \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Ceza Dairesi Ba\u015fkan\u0131 …’\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 oyunda ise; san\u0131\u011f\u0131n sadece usul\u00fcne uygun olarak yap\u0131lacak bir “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi sonucu cezai sorumlulu\u011funa gidilebilece\u011fi, 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3\/4. maddesine g\u00f6re; kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015fleminin Kanun’da belirtilen \u015fekil \u015fartlar\u0131na uygun olarak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f kabul edilebilmesi i\u00e7in “…ibraz tarihinde \u00e7ek hesab\u0131nda ne kadar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulundu\u011funun…” ve “…kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan miktar\u0131n…” yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n Kanun’a g\u00f6re zorunlu oldu\u011fu, somut uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa konu \u00e7ek suretlerinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 “i\u015fbu \u00e7ekin … tarihinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur.” \u015feklinde yaz\u0131lan ibareden, ibraz tarihinin ve ibraz tarihinde \u00e7ek hesab\u0131nda ne kadar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k oldu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirlenemedi\u011fi, bu nedenle san\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkumiyetine karar verilemeyece\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde muhalif kal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.
5235 say\u0131l\u0131 “Adli Yarg\u0131 \u0130lk Derece Mahkemeleri \u0130le B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemelerinin Kurulu\u015f G\u00f6rev ve Yetkileri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun’un “Ba\u015fkanlar Kurulunun G\u00f6revleri” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 35\/3. maddesi \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, ayn\u0131 nitelikteki davalarda farkl\u0131 kararlar verilmesi nedeniyle uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k bulundu\u011funa ve \u00e7\u0131kan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 5235 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 35\/3. maddesi gere\u011fi, Y\u00fcksek Yarg\u0131tay \u0130lgili Ceza Dairesi taraf\u0131ndan giderilmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1-) \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 16. Ceza Dairesinin 28.06.2019 <\/strong>tarihli, 2019\/2016 esas 2019\/2177 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131,
2-) \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Ceza Dairesinin 17.07.2019 <\/strong>tarihli, 2019\/2610 esas 2019\/2412 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131,
3-) \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Ceza Dairesinin 13.02.2020 <\/strong>tarihli, 2019\/2627 esas 2020\/599 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131,
4-) \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Ceza Dairesinin 04.03.2020 <\/strong>tarihli, 2020\/908 esas 2020\/882 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131,
5-) \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Ceza Dairesinin 16.07.2020 <\/strong>tarihli, 2019\/1858 esas 2020\/2167 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1-) S\u00fcresinde ibraz edildi\u011fi halde, ilk ibraz tarihinde \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne “i\u015fbu \u00e7ekin … tarihinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur.” \u015feklinde yaz\u0131lan \u015ferhin, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkumiyeti i\u00e7in yeterli oldu\u011funa dair kararlar
a-) \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 16. Ceza Dairesinin 28.06.2019 <\/strong>Tarihli, 2019\/2016 E. 2019\/2177 K. Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131
Denizbank A.\u015e.’ye ait 30.04.2018 <\/strong>ke\u015fide tarihli 30.000 TL<\/strong> bedelli \u00e7ekin, ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi yetkili hamili taraf\u0131ndan 30.04.2018 <\/strong>g\u00fcn\u00fc (s\u00fcresinde) muhatap banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir ba\u015fka bankaya ibraz\u0131nda; \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne “30.04.2018 <\/strong>tarihinde i\u015fbu \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Denizbank ad\u0131na vekaleten, T**** *** Bankas\u0131 T.A.O. \u0130stanbul Avrupa Kurumsal Merkezi \u015eubesi” ibaresinin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayn\u0131 \u00e7ekin 18.05.2018 <\/strong>g\u00fcn\u00fc (yasal ibraz s\u00fcresinden sonra) \u00e7ek hesab\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu muhatap bankan\u0131n (Denizbank A.\u015e.) Karaba\u011flar – \u0130zmir \u015eubesine yeniden ibraz edildi\u011fi ve \u00e7ek yapra\u011f\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olunan 1.600 TL<\/strong>‘nin ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi yetkili hamile \u00f6dendi\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan tutar\u0131n 28.400 TL<\/strong> olarak yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ibraz edenin ad\u0131 ve soyad\u0131 ile imzas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 somut olay nedeniyle;
Ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi yetkili hamilin \u015fikayeti \u00fczerine g\u00f6r\u00fclen ceza davas\u0131nda, \u0130zmir 10. \u0130cra Ceza Mahkemesince kurulan 27.12.2018 <\/strong>tarihli, 2018\/586 E. 2018\/1135 K. say\u0131l\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmde; \u00e7ekin s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde ibraz\u0131nda \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne yaz\u0131lan ibarede, \u00e7ek hesab\u0131n\u0131n hesap durumunun ve \u00e7ekin ne kadar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yaz\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3\/4. maddesi ile B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Ceza Dairesinin emsal kararlar\u0131ndan hareketle, 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5\/1. maddesinde belirtilen “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015fleminin usul\u00fcne uygun yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beraatine karar verilmi\u015ftir.
M\u00fc\u015fteki vekilinin karara kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 16. Ceza Dairesince verilen 28.06.2019 <\/strong>tarihli kararda (\u00f6zetle);
Su\u00e7a konu \u00e7ekin ilk kez muhatap d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir bankaya ibraz edildi\u011fi tarihte hesap bakiyesinin ne kadar oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmemi\u015f ise de; m\u00fc\u015fteki vekilinin \u015fikayet s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde muhatap bankaya ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu, bankan\u0131n \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olunan miktar\u0131 (1.600 TL<\/strong>) tahsil etti\u011fi, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan miktar\u0131n 28.400 TL<\/strong> olarak \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sonradan yap\u0131lan i\u015flemlerin 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3\/4. maddesinde belirtilen kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi niteli\u011finde oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmakla, yap\u0131lan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015fleminin Kanun’da belirtilen \u015fekle uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemenin, hakk\u0131n \u015fekle bo\u011fdurulmas\u0131 sonucunu do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekirken beraatine karar verilmesinin hukuka ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011fu gerek\u00e7esiyle, ilk derece mahkemesi karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n neticeten 28.400 TL<\/strong> adli para cezas\u0131yla cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve yetkilisi oldu\u011fu t\u00fczel ki\u015fi \u015firketin \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleme ve \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7maktan yasaklanmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.
b-) \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Ceza Dairesinin 16.07.2020 <\/strong>Tarihli, 2019\/1858 Esas 2020\/2167 Karar Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131
Denizbank A.\u015e.’ye ait 15.08.2018 <\/strong>ke\u015fide tarihli 60.000 TL<\/strong> bedelli \u00e7ekin, t\u00fczel ki\u015fi yetkilisi hamil taraf\u0131ndan 15.08.2018 <\/strong>g\u00fcn\u00fc (s\u00fcresinde) muhatap banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir bankaya ibraz\u0131nda, \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne “15.08.2018 <\/strong>tarihinde i\u015fbu \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Denizbank ad\u0131na vekaleten, T.C. Ziraat Bankas\u0131 A.\u015e. Kahramanmara\u015f Giri\u015fimci \u015eube” ibaresinin \u015ferh d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, bu \u015ferhin hemen alt\u0131nda “i\u015fbu \u00e7ekin taah\u00fct tutar\u0131 olan 1600 TL<\/strong> Denizbank A.\u015e. taraf\u0131ndan taraf\u0131ma \u00f6denmi\u015ftir.” ibaresinin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 somut olay nedeniyle;
T\u00fczel ki\u015fi yetkilisinin \u015fikayeti \u00fczerine g\u00f6r\u00fclen ceza davas\u0131nda, \u0130zmir 7. \u0130cra Ceza Mahkemesince kurulan 11.04.2019 <\/strong>tarihli, 2018\/913 E. 2019\/413 K. say\u0131l\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmde; \u015fikayetin s\u00fcresinde oldu\u011fu, \u00e7ekin s\u00fcresinde ibraz edildi\u011fi, ancak ibraz tarihinde \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmakla, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet vermesi nedeniyle 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5\/1. maddesi gere\u011fi san\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkumiyetine, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve yetkilisi oldu\u011fu ke\u015fideci \u015firketin \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleme ve \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7maktan yasaklanmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.
San\u0131k m\u00fcdafiinin karara kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Ceza Dairesince verilen 16.07.2020 <\/strong>tarihli kararda (\u00f6zetle);
H\u00fck\u00fcmde bir isabetsizlik bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun esastan reddine (oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla) karar verildi\u011fi, Daire Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131 oyunda ise; su\u00e7a konu \u00e7ek \u00fczerindeki “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” \u015ferhinde, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan miktar\u0131n ve hesapta ne kadar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulundu\u011funun yaz\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 nedeniyle i\u015flemin usul\u00fcne uygun olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle isnat edilen su\u00e7un unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 belirtilmi\u015ftir.
2-) S\u00fcresinde ibraz edildi\u011fi halde, ilk ibraz tarihinde \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne “i\u015fbu \u00e7ekin … tarihinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur.” \u015feklinde yaz\u0131lan \u015ferhin, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkumiyeti i\u00e7in yeterli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair kararlar
a-) \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Ceza Dairesinin 17.07.2019 <\/strong>tarihli, 2019\/2610 esas 2019\/2412 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131,
T\u00fcrkiye Finans A.\u015e.’ye ait 15.07.2017 <\/strong>ke\u015fide tarihli 31.400 TL<\/strong> bedelli \u00e7ekin, t\u00fczel ki\u015fi yetkilisi hamil taraf\u0131ndan 17.07.2017 <\/strong>g\u00fcn\u00fc (s\u00fcresinde) muhatap banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir ba\u015fka bankaya ibraz\u0131nda; \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne “17.07.2017 <\/strong>tarihinde i\u015fbu \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur. T.Finans ad\u0131na vekaleten, T**** *** Bankas\u0131 T.A.O. K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckbakkalk\u00f6y \u015eubesi” ibaresinin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, daha sonra ayn\u0131 \u00e7ekin “…” isimli bir \u015fahs\u0131n eline ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ve bu \u015fah\u0131s taraf\u0131ndan 04.08.2017 <\/strong>tarihinde (yasal ibraz s\u00fcresinden sonra) \u00e7ek hesab\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu muhatap bankan\u0131n (T\u00fcrkiye Finans Kat\u0131l\u0131m Bankas\u0131 A.\u015e.) Bornova – \u0130zmir \u015eubesine yeniden ibraz edildi\u011fi ve \u00e7ek yapra\u011f\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olunan 1.410 TL<\/strong>‘nin yetkili hamil …’a \u00f6dendi\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne, “ibraz tarihinde hesap bakiyesi 0 (s\u0131f\u0131r) d\u0131r. Bankan\u0131n \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu 1.410 TL<\/strong> hamile \u00f6denmi\u015ftir, \u00e7ek #29.990 TL<\/strong># i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r. Hamilin \/ T**** *** yetkilisi ibraz eden ki\u015finin Ad\u0131 soyad\u0131-\u00fcnvan\u0131: …, imzas\u0131” \u015feklinde ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi hamilin imzas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 somut olay nedeniyle;
\u00c7eki ilk kez muhatap d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir bankaya s\u00fcresinde ibraz eden t\u00fczel ki\u015fi yetkilisi hamilin \u015fikayeti \u00fczerine g\u00f6r\u00fclen ceza davas\u0131nda; \u0130zmir 6. \u0130cra Ceza Mahkemesince kurulan 14.12.2017 <\/strong>tarihli, 2017\/726 E. 2017\/985 K. say\u0131l\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmde; \u015fikayet\u00e7i t\u00fczel ki\u015finin s\u00fcresinde (17.07.2017 <\/strong>tarihinde) \u00e7eki ba\u015fka bir bankaya ibraz etmesi ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u0131kmamas\u0131 \u00fczerine, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc bir ki\u015fi taraf\u0131ndan su\u00e7a konu \u00e7ekin muhatap bankaya 04.08.2017 <\/strong>g\u00fcn\u00fc yeniden ibraz edildi\u011fi, ancak bu kez de “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi yap\u0131l\u0131p zorunlu miktar\u0131n \u00f6denmesi \u00fczerine, \u015fikayet\u00e7i t\u00fczel ki\u015finin 08.08.2017 <\/strong>g\u00fcn\u00fc \u015fikayette bulundu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla \u015fikayet\u00e7i \u015firketin \u00e7eki bankaya ibraz eden yetkili hamil olmamas\u0131 nedeniyle \u015fikayet hakk\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesine karar verilmi\u015ftir. \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Ceza Dairesince karar\u0131n bozulmas\u0131 ve geri g\u00f6nderilmesi \u00fczerine, ayn\u0131 ilk derece mahkemesince yap\u0131lan yarg\u0131lama sonucu; 13.06.2019 <\/strong>tarihli, 2018\/579 E. 2019\/ 540 K. say\u0131l\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmde ise; \u00e7ekin s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde ibraz\u0131nda \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne “i\u015f bu \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur” ibaresine yer verildi\u011fi, oysa 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3\/4. maddesinde banka taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denen miktar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan tutar\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilece\u011finin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, s\u00fcresinde yap\u0131lan ilk ibraz s\u0131ras\u0131nda sadece \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgisine yer verildi\u011fi, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5\/1. maddesinde belirtilen “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015fleminin usul\u00fcne uygun yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f say\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beraatine karar verilmi\u015ftir.
M\u00fc\u015fteki vekilinin karara kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Ceza Dairesince verilen 17.07.2019 <\/strong>tarihli kararda (\u00f6zetle);
Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015fleminin usul\u00fcne uygun olarak yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve su\u00e7un unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmakla, istinaf ba\u015fvurusunun esastan reddine (oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla) karar verilmi\u015f, bir Daire \u00dcyesinin kar\u015f\u0131 oyunda ise; su\u00e7a konu \u00e7ek \u00fczerindeki \u015ferhten \u00e7ek hesab\u0131ndaki mevduat hesab\u0131n\u0131n “0”TL<\/strong> oldu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, verilecek cezan\u0131n da kolayl\u0131kla hesaplanabilir olmas\u0131 sebebiyle san\u0131\u011f\u0131n at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7tan mahkumiyetine karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.
b-) \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Ceza Dairesinin 13.02.2020 <\/strong>Tarihli, 2019\/2627 Esas 2020\/599 Karar Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131,
T.C. Ziraat Bankas\u0131 A.\u015e.’ye ait 26.10.2018 <\/strong>ke\u015fide tarihli 50.000 TL<\/strong> bedelli \u00e7ekin, t\u00fczel ki\u015fi yetkilisi hamil taraf\u0131ndan 31.10.2018 <\/strong>g\u00fcn\u00fc (s\u00fcresinde) muhatap bankaya ibraz\u0131nda, \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne “i\u015fbu \u00e7ek bedelinin 31.10.2018 <\/strong>saat:16.00 itibariyle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur. T.C. Ziraat Bankas\u0131 A.\u015e. Mecidiyek\u00f6y \u015eubesi” ve “\u0130\u015fbu \u00e7ek, 31.10.2018 <\/strong>tarihinde ibraz edildi. Hesapta kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yasal garanti tutar\u0131 1600 TL<\/strong> \u00f6denmi\u015ftir. T.C. Ziraat Bankas\u0131 A.\u015e. Mecidiyek\u00f6y \u015eubesi” \u015feklinde \u015ferh d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, ancak t\u00fczel ki\u015fi ad\u0131na \u00e7eki ibraz eden ki\u015finin ad\u0131 ve soyad\u0131n\u0131n yaz\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, imzas\u0131n\u0131n da al\u0131nmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 somut olay nedeniyle;
T\u00fczel ki\u015fi yetkili hamilin \u015fikayeti \u00fczerine g\u00f6r\u00fclen ceza davas\u0131nda, \u0130zmir 7. \u0130cra Ceza Mahkemesince kurulan 13.06.2019 <\/strong>tarihli, 2018\/1075 E. 2019\/658 K. say\u0131l\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmde; \u015fikayetin s\u00fcresinde yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ekin s\u00fcresinde muhatap bankaya ibraz edildi\u011fi, ke\u015fideci \u015firket yetkilisi san\u0131klar\u0131n 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5\/1. maddesinde unsurlar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7u i\u015fledikleri anla\u015f\u0131lmakla, san\u0131klar\u0131n zorunlu miktar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra neticeten kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan 48.400 TL<\/strong> adli para cezas\u0131yla mahkumiyetlerine, san\u0131klar\u0131n ve yetkilisi olduklar\u0131 \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 sahibi t\u00fczel ki\u015fi \u015firketin \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleme ve \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7maktan yasaklanmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.
San\u0131klar m\u00fcdafiinin karara kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Ceza Dairesince verilen 13.02.2020 <\/strong>tarihli kararda (\u00f6zetle);
Su\u00e7a konu \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcndeki “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015fleminde \u00e7ek hesab\u0131nda ne kadar kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yaz\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015fleminin usul\u00fcne uygun yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla su\u00e7un unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beraatine karar verilmesi gerekirken mahkumiyetine karar verildi\u011fi anla\u015f\u0131lmakla, ilk derece mahkemesinin mahkumiyet h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na, san\u0131klar\u0131n CKM<\/strong>‘nin 223\/2-a maddesi gere\u011fi beraatlerine (oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla) karar verilmi\u015f, bir Daire \u00dcyesinin kar\u015f\u0131 oyunda ise; \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcndeki \u015ferhten, hesap kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n “0”TL<\/strong> oldu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, uygulamada hesapta para bulunmas\u0131 halinde bunun da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, bu nedenle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan miktar\u0131n hesaplanabilir oldu\u011fundan bahisle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015fleminin ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fu, san\u0131klar\u0131n mahkumiyetine karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.
c-) \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Ceza Dairesinin 04.03.2020 <\/strong>Tarihli, 2020\/908 Esas 2020\/882 Karar Say\u0131l\u0131 Karar\u0131
a- ING<\/strong> Bank A.\u015e.’ye ait 20.09.2018 <\/strong>ke\u015fide tarihli 45.000 TL<\/strong> bedelli \u00e7ekin, t\u00fczel ki\u015fi yetkilisi hamil taraf\u0131ndan 20.09.2018 <\/strong>g\u00fcn\u00fc (s\u00fcresinde) muhatap banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir ba\u015fka bankaya ibraz\u0131nda, \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne “\u0130\u015fbu \u00e7ek 20.09.2018 <\/strong>tarihinde ibraz edilmi\u015ftir. Hesap bakiyesi 0 TL<\/strong>‘dir. 43.400 TL<\/strong>‘lik k\u0131sm\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r. Ancak takas sistemi kapsam\u0131nda \u00f6deme yap\u0131lamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Muhatap banka ad\u0131na vekaleten Akbank T.A.\u015e.” ibaresinin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayn\u0131 \u00e7ekin 15.10.2018 <\/strong>tarihinde (yasal ibraz s\u00fcresinden sonra) \u00e7ek hesab\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu muhatap bankan\u0131n (ING<\/strong> Bank A.\u015e.) Karaba\u011flar (\u0130zmir) \u015eubesine ibraz edildi\u011fi ve \u00e7ek yapra\u011f\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olunan 1.600 TL<\/strong>‘nin t\u00fczel ki\u015fi yetkilisine \u00f6dendi\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan tutar\u0131n 43.400 TL<\/strong> olarak yeniden yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ibraz edenin ad\u0131 ve soyad\u0131 ile imzas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131,
b- Vak\u0131fbank T.A.O.’ya ait 20.09.2018 <\/strong>ke\u015fide tarihli 142.125 TL<\/strong> bedelli \u00e7ekin, t\u00fczel ki\u015fi yetkilisi hamil taraf\u0131ndan 20.09.2018 <\/strong>g\u00fcn\u00fc (s\u00fcresinde) muhatap bankaya ibraz\u0131nda, \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne “20.09.2018 <\/strong>tarihinde i\u015fbu \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Yen, Toptanc\u0131lar Sitesi Konya \u015eubesine vekaleten T**** *** Bankas\u0131 T.A.O. Torbal\u0131 \u015eubesi” ibaresinin yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ayn\u0131 \u00e7ekin 12.10.2018 <\/strong>tarihinde (yasal ibraz s\u00fcresinden sonra) \u00e7ek hesab\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu muhatap bankan\u0131n (Vak\u0131fbank T.A.O.) A**** *** ibraz edildi\u011fi ve \u00e7ek yapra\u011f\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olunan 1.600 TL<\/strong>‘nin t\u00fczel ki\u015fi yetkilisine \u00f6dendi\u011fi, ayr\u0131ca \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan tutar\u0131n 140.525 TL<\/strong> olarak yeniden yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, ibraz edenin ad\u0131 ve soyad\u0131 ile imzas\u0131n\u0131n al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 sahibi (ke\u015fideci) t\u00fczel ki\u015finin ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fu somut olaylar nedeniyle;
Her iki \u00e7ekin de alacakl\u0131s\u0131 t\u00fczel ki\u015finin yetkilisinin \u015fikayeti \u00fczerine g\u00f6r\u00fclen ceza davas\u0131nda, \u0130zmir 11. \u0130cra Ceza Mahkemesince kurulan 30.04.2019 <\/strong>tarihli, 2018\/868 E. 2019\/520 K. say\u0131l\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmlerde; su\u00e7a konu \u00e7eklerin s\u00fcresinde ibraz edildikleri, \u00e7ek hesaplar\u0131nda bakiyenin “0” TL<\/strong> oldu\u011fu anla\u015f\u0131lmakla, neticeten iki \u00e7ek nedeniyle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan miktarlar \u00fczerinden ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 san\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkumiyetine, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n ve \u00e7ekleri ke\u015fide eden t\u00fczel ki\u015finin iki \u00e7ek i\u00e7in bir kez \u00e7ek d\u00fczenlemekten ve \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7maktan yasaklanmas\u0131na karar verilmi\u015ftir.
San\u0131k m\u00fcdafiinin karara kar\u015f\u0131 istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 11. Ceza Dairesince verilen 04.03.2020 <\/strong>tarihli kararda (\u00f6zetle);
a- ING<\/strong> Bank A.\u015e.’ye ait \u00e7ekle ilgili olarak; yasaklama karar\u0131n\u0131n ve etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131\u011fa dair ihtar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kan \u00e7eklerden hangisi nedeniyle verildi\u011fi belli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle; ING<\/strong> Bank A.\u015e.’ye ait \u00e7ek nedeniyle yasaklama karar\u0131 verilmesine ve 45.000 TL<\/strong> bedelli bu \u00e7ek nedeniyle etkin pi\u015fmanl\u0131k h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanabilece\u011fine dair istinaf isteminin d\u00fczeltilerek esastan reddine (oy birli\u011fiyle),
b- Vak\u0131fbank T.A.O.’ya ait \u00e7ekle ilgili olarak ise; \u00e7ekin s\u00fcresinde ibraz\u0131nda yap\u0131lan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015fleminin 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3\/4. maddesindeki usule uygun yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan bahisle san\u0131\u011fa y\u00fckletilen su\u00e7un unsurlar\u0131 olu\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, ilk derece mahkemesinin karar\u0131n\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na ve san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beraatine (oy \u00e7oklu\u011fuyla) karar verilmi\u015f, bir Daire \u00dcyesinin kar\u015f\u0131 oyunda ise; su\u00e7a konu \u00e7ek \u00fczerindeki \u015ferhten \u00e7ek hesab\u0131ndaki mevduat hesab\u0131n\u0131n “0”TL<\/strong> oldu\u011funun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131, verilecek cezan\u0131n da kolayl\u0131kla hesaplanabilir olmas\u0131 sebebiyle san\u0131\u011f\u0131n at\u0131l\u0131 su\u00e7tan mahkumiyetine karar verilmesi gerekti\u011fi belirtilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yarg\u0131tay C**** *** 21.02.2021 tarihli, UG-2021\/15489 say\u0131l\u0131 “Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi” konulu yaz\u0131s\u0131nda;
“…Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa konu \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemeleri Ba\u015fkanlar Kurulunun karar\u0131 incelendi\u011finde 11. Ceza Dairesinin bir heyetinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemine ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla cezai sorumlulu\u011fa konu \u00e7ekin arkas\u0131nda yer almas\u0131 gereken “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” ibaresinin “i\u015f bu \u00e7ek bedelinin 31\/10\/2018 tarih saat 16.00 itibariyle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur” \u015ferhini yeterli g\u00f6rmemi\u015f ve 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 3\/4 madde ve f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u015fekil \u015fart\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011finden bahisle san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beraatine karar vermi\u015ftir. B**** *** ayn\u0131 dairenin di\u011fer heyeti ve ayn\u0131 B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi 16. Ceza Dairesi de\u011finilen benzeri \u015ferhleri yeterli g\u00f6rmekte ve mahkumiyet h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini esastan reddederek onamakta, beraat h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin bozulmas\u0131na karar vermektedir.
Kanaatimizce 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 3\/4 maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen \u015fekil a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 nitelikte olup, cezai sorumlulu\u011fu d\u00fczenleyen ayn\u0131 Kanunun 5\/1 madde ve f\u0131kras\u0131nda bu \u015fekle at\u0131f yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f “\u00dczerinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 bulunan d\u00fczenleme tarihine g\u00f6re kanuni ibraz s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde ibraz\u0131nda, \u00e7ekle ilgili olarak ‘kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r’ i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet veren ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda,” \u015feklindeki d\u00fczenleme ile “kanuni ibraz s\u00fcresi” ve “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zl\u0131k i\u015flemi” yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Kanun koyucu su\u00e7un olu\u015fumuna ba\u015fka bir unsur katmam\u0131\u015f ve \u015fekil \u015fart\u0131 da aramam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 3. Maddenin 4. F\u0131kras\u0131ndaki \u015fekil yukar\u0131da de\u011finildi\u011fi gibi a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 olup, kurucu unsur de\u011fildir. \u00c7ekin arkas\u0131nda 3\/4 madde ve f\u0131kras\u0131nda yer alan \u015fekil \u015fart\u0131na ayn\u0131yla uyulmasa dahi bu hususlar\u0131n yarg\u0131lama veya m\u00fcracaat a\u015famas\u0131nda tamamlanabilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr…” \u015feklindeki de\u011ferlendirmeyle,
Sonu\u00e7 olarak; “696 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK<\/strong> m.92\/2 maddesi ile de\u011fi\u015fik 5235 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanunun 35\/1 madde ve f\u0131kras\u0131 uyar\u0131nca \u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi Ceza Daireleri Ba\u015fkanlar Kurulunun 23\/10\/2020 tarih ve 2020\/2 Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k esas numaral\u0131 karar\u0131na istinaden de\u011finilen kararlar aras\u0131ndaki uyu\u015fmal\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesi” talep edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1-) 5235 Say\u0131l\u0131 Adl\u00ee Yarg\u0131 \u0130lk Derece Mahkemeleri \u0130le B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemelerinin Kurulu\u015f, G\u00f6rev Ve Yetkileri Hakk\u0131nda Kanun’un; 20\/7\/2017 tarihli ve 7035 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 12. maddesi ve 20\/11\/2017 <\/strong>tarihli ve 696 say\u0131l\u0131 KHK<\/strong>‘nin 92. maddesi ile de\u011fi\u015fik “Ba\u015fkanlar Kurulunun G\u00f6revleri” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 35. maddesi;
“B\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesi ceza daireleri ba\u015fkanlar kurulu ve hukuk daireleri ba\u015fkanlar kurulu kendi aralar\u0131nda toplan\u0131r ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki g\u00f6revleri yaparlar:
…(3)Re’sen veya b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesinin ilgili hukuk veya ceza dairesinin ya da C**** *** Hukuk Muhakemeleri Kanunu veya Ceza Muhakemesi Kanununa g\u00f6re istinaf yoluna ba\u015fvurma hakk\u0131 bulunanlar\u0131n, benzer olaylarda b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesi hukuk veya ceza dairelerince verilen kesin nitelikteki kararlar aras\u0131nda ya da bu mahkeme ile ba\u015fka bir b\u00f6lge adliye mahkemesi hukuk veya ceza dairelerince verilen kesin nitelikteki kararlar aras\u0131nda uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde bu uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesini gerek\u00e7eli olarak istemeleri \u00fczerine, kendi g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015flerini de ekleyerek Yarg\u0131taydan bu konuda bir karar verilmesini istemek,…
…(De\u011fi\u015fik f\u0131kra: 20\/11\/2017 <\/strong>‘ KHK<\/strong>-696\/92 md.; Aynen kabul: 1\/2\/2018-7079\/87 md.) (3) numaral\u0131 bende g\u00f6re yap\u0131lacak istemler, ceza davalar\u0131nda Yarg\u0131tay C**** *** hukuk davalar\u0131nda ise ilgili hukuk dairesine iletilir. Yarg\u0131tay C**** *** uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k bulundu\u011funa kanaat getirmesi durumunda ilgili ceza dairesinden bir karar verilmesini talep eder. Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n giderilmesine ili\u015fkin olarak dairece bu f\u0131kra uyar\u0131nca verilen kararlar kesindir.
Ba\u015fkanlar kurulu eksiksiz toplan\u0131r ve \u00e7o\u011funlukla karar verir…” h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini i\u00e7ermektedir.
2-) 5941 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7ek Kanunu
a-) “Ama\u00e7 ve kapsam” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 1. maddesi;
“(1) Bu Kanunun amac\u0131, \u00e7ek defterlerinin i\u00e7eriklerine, \u00e7ek d\u00fczenlenmesine, kullan\u0131m\u0131na, \u00e7ek hamillerinin korunmalar\u0131na ve kay\u0131t d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ekonominin denetim alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00f6nlemlerine katk\u0131da bulunmaya ili\u015fkin esaslar ile \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 ve belirlenen di\u011fer y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklere ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k h\u00e2llerinde ilgililer hakk\u0131nda uygulanacak yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131 belirlemektir.
(2) Bu Kanunda h\u00fck\u00fcm bulunmayan h\u00e2llerde genel h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulan\u0131r.”,
b-) “\u0130braz, \u00f6deme, \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z oldu\u011funun tespiti ve gecikme cezas\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 3. maddesi;
“(1) Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunan \u00e7ek, hesab\u0131n bulundu\u011fu muhatap bankan\u0131n herhangi bir \u015fubesine ibraz edildi\u011finde hamilin varsa vergi kimlik numaras\u0131 saptand\u0131ktan sonra \u00f6denir. Ancak \u00e7ek, hesab\u0131n bulundu\u011fu \u015fubeden ba\u015fka bir \u015fubeye ibraz edildi\u011finde, o \u015fubece kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorulmak suretiyle \u00f6denir.
(2) ‘Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r’ i\u015flemi, muhatap bankan\u0131n hamile kanunen \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu miktar\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, \u00e7ek bedelinin kar\u015f\u0131lanamayan k\u0131sm\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olarak yap\u0131l\u0131r.
(3) Muhatap banka, ibraz eden d\u00fczenleyici d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki hamile, s\u00fcresinde ibraz edilen her \u00e7ek yapra\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in;
a) Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7 bulunmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde,
1) \u00c7ek bedeli bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 veya \u00fczerinde ise bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131,
2) \u00c7ek bedeli bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda ise \u00e7ek bedelini,
b) Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n k\u0131smen bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde,
1) \u00c7ek bedeli bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 veya alt\u0131nda ise, \u00e7ek bedelini a\u015fmamak ko\u015fuluyla, k\u0131sm\u00ee kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131na tamamlayacak bir miktar\u0131,
2) \u00c7ek bedeli bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde ise, \u00e7ek bedelini a\u015fmamak ko\u015fuluyla, k\u0131sm\u00ee kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ilave olarak bin T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131n\u0131,
\u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bu husus, hesap sahibi ile muhatap banka aras\u0131nda \u00e7ek defterinin teslimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan d\u00f6n\u00fclemeyecek bir gayri nakd\u00ee kredi s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir. Bu f\u0131kradaki miktar, T**** *** Kurumu taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan fiyat endekslerindeki y\u0131ll\u0131k de\u011fi\u015fmeler g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde tutularak T**** *** *** Bankas\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan her y\u0131l Ocak ay\u0131nda belirlenir ve Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlan\u0131r.
(4) Hamilin talepte bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi; \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne tahsil i\u00e7in bankaya ibraz edildi\u011fi tarih, hesap durumu, bankan\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00f6dedi\u011fi miktar ve ibraz eden ger\u00e7ek ki\u015finin ad\u0131 ve soyad\u0131 yaz\u0131lmak, bu ki\u015finin t\u00fczel ki\u015fi ad\u0131na bedeli tahsil etmesi h\u00e2linde bu husus belirtilmek ve bu ki\u015fi ile birlikte banka yetkilisi taraf\u0131ndan imzalanmak suretiyle yap\u0131l\u0131r. Banka taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denen miktar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan tutar a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilir. Hamilin imzalamaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmaz.
(5) Muhatap bankan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kraya g\u00f6re \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu tutar dahil, k\u0131sm\u00ee \u00f6demenin hamil taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmemesi h\u00e2linde, ikinci f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131l\u0131r; ibraz tarihi ile \u00f6dememe nedeni \u00e7ekin \u00fczerine yaz\u0131l\u0131r ve \u00e7ek, \u00fczerine imzas\u0131 al\u0131narak hamiline geri verilir; \u00f6n ve arka y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn fotokopisi banka taraf\u0131ndan saklan\u0131r. \u00c7ek hesab\u0131nda hi\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 ve hamilin sadece muhatap bankan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kraya g\u00f6re \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu tutar\u0131n \u00f6denmesini talep etmesi h\u00e2linde de bu f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re i\u015flem yap\u0131l\u0131r.
(6) Muhatap bankan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kraya g\u00f6re \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu tutar dahil k\u0131sm\u00ee \u00f6deme h\u00e2linde, \u00e7ekin \u00f6n ve arka y\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn onayl\u0131 fotokopisi \u00fccretsiz olarak hamile verilir. \u00c7ek hamili, bu fotokopiyle m\u00fcracaat bor\u00e7lular\u0131na veya kambiyo senetleri hakk\u0131ndaki takip usullerine ba\u015fvurabilece\u011fi gibi, icra mahkemesine \u015fik\u00e2yette bulunurken dilek\u00e7esine bu fotokopiyi ekleyebilir ve bunu icra daireleri ile mahkemelerde ispat arac\u0131 olarak kullanabilir. Mahkeme veya icra dairesinin istemi h\u00e2linde \u00e7ekin asl\u0131 bu mercilere g\u00f6nderilir.
(7) Banka;
a) \u00c7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n hesapta bulunmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen hamiline \u00f6denmesinin geciktirilmesi,
b) Kanunen \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu miktar\u0131n hamile \u00f6denmesinin geciktirilmesi,
h\u00e2llerinde, \u00e7ek hamiline, her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn i\u00e7in binde \u00fc\u00e7 gecikme cezas\u0131 \u00f6der. Bu h\u00e2llerde 4\/12\/1984 tarihli ve 3095 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanuni Faiz ve Temerr\u00fct Faizine \u0130li\u015fkin Kanun h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanmaz.
(8) \u00dczerinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 bulunan d\u00fczenleme tarihinden \u00f6nce ibraz edilen \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanununun 707 nci maddesi uyar\u0131nca k\u0131smen veya tamamen \u00f6denmemi\u015f olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, bu \u00e7ekle ilgili olarak hukuk\u00ee takip yap\u0131lamaz. \u0130leri d\u00fczenleme tarihli \u00e7ekle ilgili olarak hukuk\u00ee takip yap\u0131labilmesi i\u00e7in, \u00e7ekin \u00fczerindeki d\u00fczenleme tarihine g\u00f6re kanun\u00ee ibraz s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde bankaya ibraz edilmesi ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemine tabi tutulmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r.
(9) (Ek:<\/strong> 31\/1\/2012-6273\/2 md.) \u00c7ekin, \u00fczerinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 bask\u0131 tarihinden itibaren be\u015f y\u0131l i\u00e7inde ibraz edilmemesi h\u00e2linde, muhatap bankan\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kraya g\u00f6re \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu tutara ili\u015fkin sorumlulu\u011fu sona erer.
(10) (Ek:<\/strong> 15\/7\/2016-6728\/62 md.) Lehine karekodlu \u00e7ek d\u00fczenlenen lehdar, teslim ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7eki T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanununun 780 inci maddesinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda belirtilen sisteme kaydeder.
Karekodlu \u00e7ekin sisteme kaydedildi\u011fi tarihten sonra \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleyen t\u00fczel ki\u015finin temsilcilerinde meydana gelen de\u011fi\u015fiklikler, \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 sahibi t\u00fczel ki\u015finin sorumlulu\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131rmaz.”,
c-) “Ceza sorumlulu\u011fu, \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleme ve \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7ma yasa\u011f\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 5. maddesinin (1), (2) ve (3). f\u0131kralar\u0131;
“(1) (De\u011fi\u015fik:<\/strong> 15\/7\/2016-6728\/63 md.) \u00dczerinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 bulunan d\u00fczenleme tarihine g\u00f6re kanuni ibraz s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde ibraz\u0131nda, \u00e7ekle ilgili olarak ‘kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r’ i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet veren ki\u015fi hakk\u0131nda, hamilin \u015fik\u00e2yeti \u00fczerine, her bir \u00e7ekle ilgili olarak, bin be\u015f y\u00fcz g\u00fcne kadar adli para cezas\u0131na h\u00fckmolunur. Ancak, h\u00fckmedilecek adli para cezas\u0131; \u00e7ek bedelinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan miktar\u0131, (‘) az olamaz. Mahkeme ayr\u0131ca, \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleme ve \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7ma yasa\u011f\u0131na; bu yasa\u011f\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleme ve \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7ma yasa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n devam\u0131na h\u00fckmeder. Yarg\u0131lama s\u0131ras\u0131nda da resen mahkeme taraf\u0131ndan koruma tedbiri olarak \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleme ve \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7ma yasa\u011f\u0131na karar verilir. \u00c7ek d\u00fczenleme ve \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7ma yasa\u011f\u0131, \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 sahibi ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015fi, bu t\u00fczel ki\u015fi ad\u0131na \u00e7ek ke\u015fide edenler ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7ekin bir sermaye \u015firketi ad\u0131na d\u00fczenlenmesi durumunda ayr\u0131ca y\u00f6netim organ\u0131 ile ticaret siciline tescil edilen \u015firket yetkilileri hakk\u0131nda uygulan\u0131r. Koruma tedbiri olarak verilen \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleme ve \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7ma yasa\u011f\u0131 kararlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 yap\u0131lan itirazlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan 9\/6\/1932 tarihli ve 2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanununun 353 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddesinin birinci f\u0131kras\u0131 h\u00fckm\u00fc uygulan\u0131r. Bu su\u00e7tan dolay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lan davalar icra mahkemesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr ve \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanununun 347, 349, 350, 351, 352 ve 353 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddelerinde d\u00fczenlenen yarg\u0131lama usul\u00fcne ili\u015fkin h\u00fck\u00fcmler uygulan\u0131r. Bu davalar \u00e7ekin tahsil i\u00e7in bankaya ibraz edildi\u011fi veya \u00e7ek hesab\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 banka \u015fubesinin bulundu\u011fu yer ya da hesap sahibinin yahut \u015fik\u00e2yet\u00e7inin yerle\u015fim yeri mahkemesinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr.
(2) (M\u00fclga:<\/strong> 31\/1\/2012-6273\/3 md.; Yeniden d\u00fczenleme: 15\/7\/2016-6728\/63 md.) Birinci f\u0131kra h\u00fckm\u00fcne g\u00f6re \u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgili banka hesab\u0131nda bulundurmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olan ki\u015fi, \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 sahibidir. \u00c7ek hesab\u0131 sahibinin t\u00fczel ki\u015fi olmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, bu t\u00fczel ki\u015finin mali i\u015flerini y\u00fcr\u00fctmekle g\u00f6revlendirilen y\u00f6netim organ\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcyesi, b\u00f6yle bir belirleme yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa y\u00f6netim organ\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi veya ki\u015filer, \u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilgili banka hesab\u0131nda bulundurmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr. Birinci f\u0131kra uyar\u0131nca hakk\u0131nda \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleme ve \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 a\u00e7ma yasa\u011f\u0131 karar\u0131 verilenler, yasakl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcresince sermaye \u015firketlerinin y\u00f6netim organlar\u0131nda g\u00f6rev alamazlar. Ancak, hakk\u0131nda yasaklama karar\u0131 verilenlerin mevcut organ \u00fcyelikleri g\u00f6rev s\u00fcrelerinin sonuna kadar devam eder.
(3) \u00c7ek hesab\u0131 sahibi ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi, kendisi ad\u0131na \u00e7ek d\u00fczenlemek \u00fczere bir ba\u015fkas\u0131n\u0131 temsilci veya vekil olarak tayin edemez. Ger\u00e7ek ki\u015finin temsilcisi veya vekili olarak \u00e7ek d\u00fczenlenmesi h\u00e2linde, bu \u00e7ekten dolay\u0131 hukuk\u00ee ve cezai sorumluluk \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 sahibine aittir…”,
d-) “Hesaben \u00d6deme” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 8. maddesi;
“(1) T**** *** *** Bankas\u0131, \u00e7eklerin banka \u015fubeleri aras\u0131nda hesaben \u00f6denmesini sa\u011flayacak t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi haiz sistemi kurmaya ve g\u00f6zetimi alt\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fctmeye yetkilidir. T**** *** *** Bankas\u0131, bu yetkiyi uygun g\u00f6rece\u011fi ba\u015fka bir kurulu\u015f arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da kullanabilir.
(2) Hesaben \u00f6deme sisteminin kurulu\u015f ve i\u015fleyi\u015fi, T**** *** *** Bankas\u0131nca \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lacak ve Resm\u00ee Gazete’de yay\u0131mlanacak bir y\u00f6netmelikle d\u00fczenlenir.
(3) Y\u00f6netmelikte belirtilen esaslar \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde \u00e7eklerin fizik\u00ee olarak ibraz edilmeksizin sadece \u00e7ek bilgileri \u00fczerinden bankalararas\u0131 takas odalar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile elektronik ortamda muhatap bankaya g\u00f6nderilerek i\u015flem g\u00f6rmesi, 6762 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanununun 710 uncu maddesine g\u00f6re takas odas\u0131na ibraz h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir.
(4) Takas odalar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ibraz edilmi\u015f \u00e7ekler i\u00e7in, 3 \u00fcnc\u00fc maddenin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc f\u0131kras\u0131nda belirlenen sorumluluk miktar\u0131 d\u00e2hil, k\u0131sm\u00ee \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmaz. Bu durum, muhatap bankan\u0131n sorumluluk tutar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6deme y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ortadan kald\u0131rmaz. Ancak, takas odalar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ibraz edilen \u00e7ekin, hesapta yeterli kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirlenmesi h\u00e2linde muhatap banka taraf\u0131ndan, hesapta bulunan k\u0131sm\u00ee kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k tutar\u0131, \u00e7eki ibraz eden hamil lehine onbe\u015f g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle bloke edilir.” h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini i\u00e7ermektedir.
3-) 5237 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu
a-) “Su\u00e7ta ve cezada kanun\u00eelik ilkesi” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 2. maddesi;
“(1) Kanunun a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a su\u00e7 saymad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir fiil i\u00e7in kimseye ceza verilemez ve g\u00fcvenlik tedbiri uygulanamaz. Kanunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 cezalardan ve g\u00fcvenlik tedbirlerinden ba\u015fka bir ceza ve g\u00fcvenlik tedbirine h\u00fckmolunamaz.
(2) \u0130darenin d\u00fczenleyici i\u015flemleriyle su\u00e7 ve ceza konulamaz.
(3) Kanunlar\u0131n su\u00e7 ve ceza i\u00e7eren h\u00fck\u00fcmlerinin uygulanmas\u0131nda k\u0131yas yap\u0131lamaz. Su\u00e7 ve ceza i\u00e7eren h\u00fck\u00fcmler, k\u0131yasa yol a\u00e7acak bi\u00e7imde geni\u015f yorumlanamaz.”
b-) “\u00d6zel kanunlarla ili\u015fki” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 5. maddesi;
“(1) Bu Kanunun genel h\u00fck\u00fcmleri, \u00f6zel ceza kanunlar\u0131 ve ceza i\u00e7eren kanunlardaki su\u00e7lar hakk\u0131nda da uygulan\u0131r.” h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini i\u00e7ermektedir.
4-) 2004 Say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu
a-) “Duru\u015fma” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 350. maddesi;
“\u0130cra mahkemesi iki taraf\u0131 ve delillerini dinler ve gerek taraflar\u0131n gerek \u015fahitlerin ifadelerini duru\u015fma tutana\u011f\u0131na ge\u00e7irir.
Cumhuriyet Savc\u0131s\u0131 haz\u0131r bulundurulmaz.”,
b-) “Tahkikat” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 351. maddesi;
“\u015eikayet\u00e7i dilek\u00e7e veya beyan\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilmi\u015f oldu\u011fu delillerle ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.
Maznun m\u00fcdafas\u0131 i\u00e7in tahkikat\u0131n tevsiini ancak bir kere istiyebilir.” h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini i\u00e7ermektedir.
5-) 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu
a-) “\u0130braz ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 708. maddesi;
“(1) Belirli bir g\u00fcnde veya d\u00fczenlenme g\u00fcn\u00fcnden ya da g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fckten belirli bir s\u00fcre sonra \u00f6denecek bir poli\u00e7enin hamili, poli\u00e7eyi \u00f6deme g\u00fcn\u00fcnde veya onu izleyen iki i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde \u00f6denmek \u00fczere ibraz etmelidir.
(2) Poli\u00e7enin bir takas odas\u0131na ibraz\u0131, \u00f6deme i\u00e7in ibraz yerine ge\u00e7er.”
b-) “Muhatap olma ehliyeti” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 782. maddesi;
“(1) T**** *** \u00f6denecek \u00e7eklerde muhatap ancak bir banka olabilir.
(2) Di\u011fer bir ki\u015fi \u00fczerine d\u00fczenlenen \u00e7ek yaln\u0131z havale h\u00fckm\u00fcndedir.”
c-) “Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 783. maddesi;
“(1) Bir \u00e7ekin d\u00fczenlenmesi i\u00e7in, muhatab\u0131n elinde d\u00fczenleyenin emrine tahsis edilmi\u015f bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulunmas\u0131 ve d\u00fczenleyenin bu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u00fczerinde \u00e7ek d\u00fczenlemek suretiyle tasarruf hakk\u0131n\u0131 haiz olaca\u011f\u0131na dair muhatapla d\u00fczenleyen aras\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k veya z\u0131mni bir anla\u015fma bulunmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Ancak, bu h\u00fck\u00fcmlere uyulmamas\u0131 h\u00e2linde senedin \u00e7ek olarak ge\u00e7erlili\u011fi etkilenmez.
(2) D\u00fczenleyen, muhatap nezdinde \u00e7ekin ancak bir k\u0131s\u0131m kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131r bulundurdu\u011fu takdirde, muhatap, bu tutar\u0131 \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcd\u00fcr.
(3) Muhatap nezdinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u0131smen veya tamamen bulunmayan bir \u00e7ek d\u00fczenleyen ki\u015fi, \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan bedelinin y\u00fczde onunu \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olduktan ba\u015fka, hamilin bu y\u00fczden u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zarar\u0131 da tazmin eder.”
d-) “Takas odas\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 798. maddesi;
“(1) \u00c7ekin bir takas odas\u0131na ibraz\u0131 \u00f6deme i\u00e7in ibraz yerine ge\u00e7er.”
e-) “Hesaba ge\u00e7irilmeme halinde” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 807. maddesi;
“(1) Hesaba ge\u00e7irilmek \u00fczere d\u00fczenlenen bir \u00e7ekin hamili; muhatab\u0131n, \u00e7ek bedelini kay\u0131ts\u0131z ve \u015farts\u0131z bir alacak olarak hesaba ge\u00e7irmekten ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 veya \u00f6deme yerindeki takas odas\u0131n\u0131n, bu \u00e7ekin, hamilin bor\u00e7lar\u0131na mahsup edilmek kabiliyetini haiz olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 beyan etmi\u015f bulundu\u011funu ispat ederse, ba\u015fvurma haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilir.
f-) “Hamilin ba\u015fvurma haklar\u0131” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 808. maddesi;
“(1) Zaman\u0131nda ibraz edilmi\u015f olan \u00e7ekin \u00f6denmemi\u015f oldu\u011fu ve \u00f6dememe h\u00e2li;
a) Resm\u00ee bir belge, ‘protesto’ ile,
b) Muhatap taraf\u0131ndan, ibraz g\u00fcn\u00fc de g\u00f6sterilmek suretiyle, \u00e7ekin \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan tarihli bir beyanla,
c) Bir takas odas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00e7ek zaman\u0131nda teslim edildi\u011fi h\u00e2lde \u00f6denmedi\u011fini tespit eden tarihli bir beyan\u0131yla,
sabit bulundu\u011fu takdirde hamil; cirantalar, d\u00fczenleyen ve di\u011fer \u00e7ek bor\u00e7lular\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ba\u015fvurma haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilir.
“
6-) 09.06.2018 <\/strong>tarihli ve 30446 say\u0131l\u0131 Resmi Gazete’de Yay\u0131mlanarak, 02.07.2018 <\/strong>Tarihinde Y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe Giren “\u00c7ek Takas Faaliyetleri Hakk\u0131nda Y\u00f6netmelik”
a-) “Ama\u00e7” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 1. maddesi;
“(1) Bu Y\u00f6netmeli\u011fin amac\u0131, \u00e7eklerin banka \u015fubeleri aras\u0131nda hesaben \u00f6denmesinin sa\u011flanmas\u0131na ili\u015fkin kurulacak sisteme, sistem faaliyetlerine ve \u00e7ek takas ve mutabakat\u0131na ili\u015fkin usul ve esaslar\u0131 d\u00fczenlemektir.”,
b-) “Tan\u0131mlar” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 4. maddesi;
“…b) Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131: 19\/10\/2005&<\/strong>nbsp;tarihli ve 5411 say\u0131l\u0131 Bankac\u0131l\u0131k Kanununa tabi bankalar ile Bankay\u0131,…
\u00e7) Muhatap kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131: \u00c7ekin ke\u015fide edildi\u011fi hesab\u0131n bulundu\u011fu kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131y\u0131,…
f) Netle\u015ftirme: Bir kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi ve ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ek bilgilerinden kaynaklanan alacak ve bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 mahsup edilerek tek bir alacak veya borca d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesini,
g) Sistem: \u00c7eklerin banka \u015fubeleri aras\u0131nda hesaben \u00f6denmesini sa\u011flayan ve elektronik ortamda i\u015fletilen ‘\u00c7ek Takas Sistemi’ni,
\u011f) Takas: Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara ibraz edilen muhatap kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara ait \u00e7eklere ili\u015fkin bilgilerin elektronik ortamda takas odas\u0131na iletilmesi, provizyon al\u0131nmas\u0131na arac\u0131l\u0131k edilmesi ve netle\u015ftirme i\u015flemlerini,
h) Takas odas\u0131: Takas faaliyetlerinin y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ortam\u0131,…
\u0130fade eder.”,
c-) “Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckleri” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 10. maddesi;
“(1) Kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131;
…f) \u00c7ekler \u00fczerindeki i\u015flem ve kontrollerde, \u00e7ek bilgilerinin g\u00f6nderilmesinde sistem kurallar\u0131nda belirtilen t\u00fcm kurallar\u0131n uygulanmas\u0131nda azami dikkat ve \u00f6zeni g\u00f6stermek,
g) Kendi hatlar\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00f6nderilecek yanl\u0131\u015f \u00e7ek bilgisinden do\u011facak t\u00fcm zarar ve ziyanlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak,..
i) Kendi \u015fubelerine hamilleri taraf\u0131ndan ibraz edilen \u00e7ekleri muhatap kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara vek\u00e2leten kabul etmek ve bu \u00e7eklere ili\u015fkin bilgileri elektronik ortamda muhatap kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131ya intikal ettirmek \u00fczere takas odas\u0131na iletmek,
j) Hesapta yeterli kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6denemeyen \u00e7eklere ili\u015fkin, \u00e7ekin bas\u0131lmas\u0131na esas kanun h\u00fckm\u00fcne uygun tespit i\u015flemini ve \u00f6demeyi engelleyen di\u011fer k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131 bulunan \u00e7eklerin arkalar\u0131na gerekli a\u00e7\u0131klamay\u0131 muhatap kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 ad\u0131na yapmak,…zorundad\u0131r.”,
d-) “Takas i\u015flemleri” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 12. maddesi;
“(1) Takas odalar\u0131nda, muhatap kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara fiziken ibraz edilmeyen ve Banka taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanan Tebli\u011flere g\u00f6re bast\u0131r\u0131lan, \u00e7ek kodlama standartlar\u0131na uygun \u015fekilde manyetik kodlamas\u0131 yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7ekler i\u015flem g\u00f6r\u00fcr.
(2) Kurulu\u015f, \u00e7eki \u00f6deyen merci de\u011fildir. Kurulu\u015f, takas i\u015flemlerinin herhangi bir a\u015famas\u0131nda g\u00f6nderilen bilgilerin teknik gereklilikler d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki i\u00e7erikleri hakk\u0131nda bir uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011fa taraf olamaz.
(3) Hamili taraf\u0131ndan tahsil edilmek amac\u0131yla kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 \u015fubelerine getirilen di\u011fer kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara ait \u00e7eklere ili\u015fkin bilgiler takas odas\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sistem kurallar\u0131nda belirtilen usul ve esaslara g\u00f6re elektronik ortamda muhatap kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara ibraz edilir.
(4) \u00c7ek bilgilerinin zaman\u0131nda muhatap kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131ya ibraz\u0131ndan \u00e7ekin ibraz edildi\u011fi kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 sorumludur.
(5) Takas odas\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ibraz edilen \u00e7ekler muhatap kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131dan provizyon al\u0131narak i\u015flem g\u00f6r\u00fcr.
(6) Provizyon i\u015flemleri ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn sonu\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.
(7) Takas odas\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ibraz edilen \u00e7eklerin provizyon i\u015flemlerinin tamamlanamamas\u0131 halinde bu \u00e7ekler kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan di\u011fer \u00e7ekler gibi i\u015flem g\u00f6r\u00fcr.
(8) Muhatap kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131larca, provizyon alamamalar\u0131 nedeniyle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan \u00e7ekler gibi i\u015flem g\u00f6ren \u00e7ekler hakk\u0131nda ilgili kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131lara takas g\u00fcn\u00fcnde provizyon al\u0131m\u0131ndan sonra iade olan \u00e7eklere ili\u015fkin takas odas\u0131na bilgi g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in Kurulu\u015f taraf\u0131ndan sistem kurallar\u0131nda belirlenen saate kadar yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 kodu, \u015fube kodu, hesap no, \u00e7ek no, \u00e7ek tutar\u0131 ve \u00e7eki tahsile veren \u015fube ad\u0131 belirtilerek bildirimde bulunulur.
(9) Provizyon i\u015flemlerinin tamamlanamamas\u0131 nedeniyle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan \u00e7ekler gibi i\u015flem g\u00f6ren \u00e7eklerin, daha sonra herhangi bir nedenle \u00f6denmeyeceklerinin tespit edilmesi halinde, muhatap kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan derhal ilgili kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131ya yaz\u0131l\u0131 olarak bilgi verilir ve bildirim tarihinden itibaren en ge\u00e7 \u00fc\u00e7 i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7inde iade i\u015flemleri yap\u0131l\u0131r.
(10) Provizyon i\u015flemleri bu Y\u00f6netmelik ve sistem kurallar\u0131nda belirtilen esaslara g\u00f6re y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcr.
(11) Bir kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n di\u011fer bir kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131 lehine d\u00fczenledi\u011fi \u00e7ekler takas odas\u0131na ibraz edilemez.
(12) Takas i\u015flemlerine ili\u015fkin di\u011fer hususlar ve i\u015flem saatleri sistem kurallar\u0131nda belirlenir.”,
e-) “Takas ve mutabakat i\u015flemlerinin yap\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00fcnler” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 15. maddesi;
“(1) 17\/3\/1981 tarihli ve 2429 say\u0131l\u0131 U**** *** ve Genel Tatiller Hakk\u0131nda Kanun uyar\u0131nca tatil g\u00fcn\u00fc kabul edilen g\u00fcnlerde takas ve mutabakat i\u015flemleri yap\u0131lmaz.
(2) 2429 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun uyar\u0131nca yar\u0131m g\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lan g\u00fcnlerde takas yap\u0131lmaz ancak bir \u00f6nceki i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcne ait mutabakat i\u015flemleri ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.
(3) Takas veya mutabakat i\u015flemlerinin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na k\u0131smen veya tamamen engel te\u015fkil eden m\u00fccbir sebep hallerine ili\u015fkin olarak Kurulu\u015f taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenleme yap\u0131labilir.”
h\u00fck\u00fcmlerini i\u00e7ermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1-) \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc Gereken Uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n Konusu, Kapsam\u0131 ve \u0130ncelemenin S\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131
\u0130zmir B\u00f6lge Adliye Mahkemesi Ceza Daireleri Ba\u015fkanlar Kurulunun, 23.10.2020 <\/strong>tarihli ve 2020\/2 say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131na konu olan uyu\u015fmazl\u0131k;
– Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet verme su\u00e7u ile ilgili olarak, s\u00fcresinde ibraz edilen \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne “i\u015fbu \u00e7ekin … tarihinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur.” \u015feklinde yaz\u0131lan ibarenin; 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7ek Kanunu’nun 3\/4. maddesine g\u00f6re yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi niteli\u011finde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131,
– Arka y\u00fcz\u00fcnde bu ibare yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7ek nedeniyle yap\u0131lan \u015fikayet \u00fczerine a\u00e7\u0131lan davada san\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkumiyetine karar verilip verilemeyece\u011fi,
Hususlar\u0131nda toplanmaktad\u0131r.
Hemen belirtmek gerekir ki; \u00e7ekin yetkili hamil taraf\u0131ndan, tahsili amac\u0131yla kanuni ibraz s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde;
– Muhatap bankan\u0131n \u00e7ek hesab\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu \u015fubesine,
– Muhatap bankan\u0131n \u00e7ek hesab\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu \u015fubesinden ba\u015fka bir \u015fubeye,
– Muhatap bankadan ba\u015fka bir bankaya (bankalararas\u0131 takas sistemine \/ takas odas\u0131na), “hesaben \u00f6deme” i\u00e7in ibraz edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu nedenle, \u00e7ekin ilk kez ibraz edildi\u011fi banka a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan farkl\u0131kl\u0131k arz etti\u011fi de g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclmesi gereken uyu\u015fmazl\u0131\u011f\u0131n;
a-) “\u0130braz”, “\u00d6deme” ve “Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemlerinin kim\/ler taraf\u0131ndan hangi \u015fekilde yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131,
b-) \u00c7ekin “hesaben \u00f6deme” amac\u0131yla ba\u015fka bir bankaya ibraz edilmesi halinde, yap\u0131lacak i\u015flemin hukuki niteli\u011fi, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015fleminin tamamlanmas\u0131,
c-) 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5\/1. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet verme” su\u00e7unun yasal unsurlar\u0131 ve su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi tarih,
d-) Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015fleminin eksik veya hatal\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Kanunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 hususlar\u0131n tamamlanmamas\u0131 hallerinde \u0130cra Ceza Mahkemesince yap\u0131lacak ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ve cezai sorumluluk,
ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 alt\u0131nda incelenmesi gerekmektedir.
2-) \u0130nceleme ve De\u011ferlendirme
a-) “\u0130braz”, “\u00d6deme” ve “Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemlerinin kim\/ler taraf\u0131ndan, hangi \u015fekilde yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131
\u0130braz, \u00e7ekin \u00f6denmesi i\u00e7in bankaya sunulmas\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015fka bir ifadeyle ibraz, \u00e7ekin \u00f6denmesi talebidir. Bu kavram tan\u0131m\u0131 TTK<\/strong>‘nin 708\/1. maddesine dayanmaktad\u0131r. \u00c7ek aran\u0131lacak bir alacak (bor\u00e7) i\u00e7erdi\u011finden muhatap bankaya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmeli, bankada \u00f6deme i\u00e7in ibraz edilmelidir. “\u0130braz” ibaresi bankaya g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclmeyi ve “aran\u0131lmay\u0131” da i\u00e7erir. \u00c7ek, hesab\u0131n bulundu\u011fu \u015fubeden ba\u015fka bir \u015fubeye ibraz edilmi\u015f olsa bile, muhatap bankaya ibraz edilmi\u015f (g\u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f) kabul edilir. Muhatab\u0131n herhangi bir \u015fubesi, \u00e7eki \u00f6deme i\u015flemine almaya mecburdur. Bu kural, \u00c7ek Kanunu’nun 3\/1. maddesinde, TTK<\/strong>‘den daha net bir \u015fekilde ifade edilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ekin muhatap banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir bankaya sunulmas\u0131, teknik anlamda ibraz de\u011fildir. Ancak b\u00f6yle bir \u00e7ek, takas i\u015flemine al\u0131nabilir. Bu i\u015flem takas odalar\u0131nda veya elektronik ortamda ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir. T.C. Merkez Bankas\u0131, \u00e7eklerin hesaben \u00f6denmesini sa\u011flayan t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi haiz bir sistemi kurmakla yetkilendirilmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ekin bir takas odas\u0131na ibraz\u0131 \u00f6deme i\u00e7in ibraz say\u0131l\u0131r (TTK<\/strong> m.798). \u00c7ek, hesab\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bankaya de\u011fil de ba\u015fka bir bankaya verilirse, bu bankan\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu \u00e7eki takas odas\u0131na sunmas\u0131 ibraz say\u0131l\u0131r. Di\u011fer bir deyi\u015fle takas odas\u0131na ibraz, ancak ba\u015fka bir banka eliyle yap\u0131l\u0131r (POROY<\/strong>, R**** *** TEK\u0130NALP<\/strong>, \u00dc**** *** Evrak Hukuku Esaslar\u0131, \u00c7ek Kanununun Yorumu ile, V**** *** \u0130stanbul 2013, s.300).
\u00c7ekin, \u00f6denmesi i\u00e7in muhatap bankaya ibraz\u0131 gereklidir. Bu ibraz TTK<\/strong>‘nin 796. maddesinde \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen s\u00fcreler i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7ek takas odas\u0131 istisnas\u0131 d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda esas itibar\u0131yla muhataba ibraz edilir. Fakat bir takas odas\u0131na ibraz da \u00f6deme i\u00e7in ibraz yerine ge\u00e7er. \u00c7ekin ibraz\u0131 ancak bir i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fc yap\u0131labilir. \u0130braz s\u00fcresinin son g\u00fcn\u00fc bir tatile rastlarsa s\u00fcre tatili izleyen ilk i\u015f g\u00fcn\u00fcne kadar uzar (POROY<\/strong>, R**** *** TEK\u0130NALP<\/strong>, \u00dc**** *** Evrak Hukuku Esaslar\u0131, \u00c7ek Kanununun Yorumu ile, V**** *** \u0130stanbul 2013, s.321).
5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3\/1. maddesine g\u00f6re; kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunan \u00e7ek, \u00e7ek hesab\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu muhatap bankan\u0131n herhangi bir \u015fubesine ibraz edildi\u011finde hamilin kimli\u011fi tespit edildikten sonra \u00f6denir.
\u00c7ekin s\u00fcresinde ibraz\u0131nda, bankada k\u0131smen kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 halinde; bankan\u0131n \u00e7ek yapra\u011f\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu miktar\u0131n ve\/veya k\u0131smi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n hamilin k\u0131smi \u00f6demeyi kabul etmesi \u015fart\u0131yla \u00f6denmesi de zorunludur.
\u00c7ekin k\u0131smen veya tamamen kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 halinde, muhatap banka taraf\u0131ndan, hamilin iste\u011fiyle 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3\/4. maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 hususlarda yap\u0131lacak “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi; banka taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olunan miktar\u0131n ve\/veya k\u0131smi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n hamil taraf\u0131ndan kabul edilmemesi halinde dahi; kanunen her \u00e7ek yapra\u011f\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olunan miktar ve varsa hesaptaki k\u0131smi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k miktar\u0131 \u00e7ekin \u00fczerinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 bedelden (hamile fiilen \u00f6denmese bile) d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan miktar \u00fczerinden yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r.
Dairemizin 27.01.2020 <\/strong>tarihli, 2019\/35817 E. 2020\/415 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda da belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere;
T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu’na (TTK<\/strong>) g\u00f6re zorunlu unsurlar\u0131 haiz bir \u00e7ekin, kanuni ibraz s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde ibraz\u0131nda, \u00e7ek hesab\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n tamamen veya k\u0131smen bulunmamas\u0131 halinde yap\u0131lacak “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi, 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3. maddesine g\u00f6re, kural olarak “muhatap banka” ve “ibraz tarihindeki yetkili hamil” taraf\u0131ndan birlikte yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken bir i\u015flemdir.
\u00c7ekin muhatap bankaya s\u00fcresinde ibraz\u0131nda, k\u0131smen veya tamamen kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 halinde, hamilin talebi \u00fczerine yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi, 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3. maddesine g\u00f6re \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne;
– \u00c7ekin tahsil i\u00e7in “bankaya ibraz edildi\u011fi tarih”,
– \u0130braz tarihindeki “\u00e7ek hesab\u0131 durumu”,
– Bankan\u0131n y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde “hamile \u00f6dedi\u011fi miktar”,
– \u0130braz eden “ger\u00e7ek ki\u015finin ad\u0131 ve soyad\u0131”,
– Banka taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6denen miktar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan tutar”,
– Hamilin bir t\u00fczel ki\u015fi ad\u0131na bedeli tahsil etmesi h\u00e2linde bu husus da ayr\u0131ca belirtilerek ve bu ki\u015fi ile birlikte banka yetkilisi taraf\u0131ndan imzalanarak tamamlan\u0131r.
Hamilin \u00e7eki imzalamaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmaz.
Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi, muhatap bankan\u0131n tek ba\u015f\u0131na yapabilece\u011fi bir i\u015flem de\u011fildir. \u0130\u015flemin muhakkak ibraz eden (yetkili hamil) ve banka g\u00f6revlisi taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekin arkas\u0131 birlikte imzalanmak suretiyle yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekecektir. Keza 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3. maddesinin gerek\u00e7esinde de bu durum maddenin lafz\u0131yla uygun \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a dile getirilmi\u015ftir.
\u00c7ekin s\u00fcresinde muhatap bankan\u0131n \u00e7ek hesab\u0131 bulunan \u015fubesine ibraz edilmesi halinde; muhatap banka \u015fubesi taraf\u0131ndan, \u00e7ekin tam kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsa \u00f6denmesi, k\u0131smen veya tamamen kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 halinde ise; bankaca \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc olunan miktar ve (varsa bu miktar \u00fczerinde kalan) k\u0131smi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00e7ek \u00fczerindeki bedelden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi suretiyle, “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015fleminin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur.
\u00c7ekin, muhatap bankan\u0131n \u00e7ek hesab\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu \u015fubesinden ba\u015fka bir \u015fubeye ibraz\u0131 halinde; 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3\/1. maddesi gere\u011fi, o \u015fubece kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorulmak suretiyle \u00f6denece\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Muhatap bankan\u0131n kural olarak tek bir t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi haiz olmas\u0131, \u015fubelerinin ayr\u0131 bir t\u00fczel ki\u015fili\u011fi bulunmamas\u0131 nedeniyle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015fleminin \u00e7ek hesab\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu \u015fube d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir ba\u015fka \u015fube taraf\u0131ndan yukar\u0131da izah edilen \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi de izahtan varestedir.
\u00c7ekin, muhatap banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir bankaya s\u00fcresinde ibraz\u0131 halinde ise; 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7ek Kanunu’nun “Hesaben \u00f6deme” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 8. maddesi h\u00fck\u00fcmleri uygulanacakt\u0131r.
b-) \u00c7ekin “hesaben \u00f6deme” amac\u0131yla ba\u015fka bir bankaya ibraz edilmesi halinde yap\u0131lacak i\u015flemin hukuki niteli\u011fi, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015fleminin tamamlanmas\u0131
5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un “Hesaben \u00d6deme” ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 8. maddesinde; bir \u00e7ekin fiziki olarak ibraz edilmeksizin, bankalararas\u0131 takas odas\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla elektronik ortamda muhatap bankaya g\u00f6nderilerek i\u015flem g\u00f6rmesinin; 6762 say\u0131l\u0131 (m\u00fclga) T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu’nun 710. maddesi (6102 say\u0131l\u0131 TTK<\/strong>‘nin 798. maddesi) \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde “takas odas\u0131na ibraz” h\u00fckm\u00fcnde oldu\u011fu, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla “\u00f6deme i\u00e7in ibraz” yerine ge\u00e7ti\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re; yetkili hamilin \u00e7eki kanuni ibraz s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde muhatap banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir bankaya ibraz\u0131 halinde, 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5\/1. maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 “s\u00fcresinde ibraz” ko\u015fulunun sa\u011flanm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir.
5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 8\/4. maddesine g\u00f6re; bankalararas\u0131 takas odas\u0131na (sisteme) ibraz edilen \u00e7ekler i\u00e7in, muhatap bankan\u0131n \u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu miktar dahil, k\u0131smi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in \u00f6deme yap\u0131lamaz. Yani muhatap banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir banka taraf\u0131ndan sadece \u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tamamen bulunmas\u0131 halinde \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak hesapta k\u0131smi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k bulunmas\u0131 durumunda, muhatap bankaca bu k\u0131smi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k tutar\u0131n\u0131n, ibraz eden hamil lehine 15 g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle bloke edilece\u011fi de Kanun’da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilmi\u015ftir. Bu s\u00fcre ge\u00e7tikten sonra muhatap bankan\u0131n kendisine fiziken ibraz edilmeyen bir \u00e7ek i\u00e7in k\u0131smi \u00f6deme yapma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcn sona erece\u011fi de de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.
Muhatap banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir bankan\u0131n, \u00c7ek Kanunu’nun 3\/4. maddesinde belirtilen hususlar\u0131 tamamen \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne \u015ferh etmek suretiyle hamilin talebi ile birlikte imza alt\u0131na almas\u0131 kanunen zorunlu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne Kanun’da yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u015fekilde “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi yapmas\u0131 da beklenemeyecektir.
\u00c7ekin TTK<\/strong>‘de belirlenen yasal ibraz ibraz s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde muhatap banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir bankaya ibraz\u0131nda; \u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bankalararas\u0131 takas sisteminde (takas odas\u0131nda) tamamen bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 halde \u00e7ekin ibraz edildi\u011fi bankan\u0131n bu durumu tespit ederek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmesinin yeterli oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.
\u00c7ekin, bankalararas\u0131 takas sisteminde sistemde tam olarak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde, muhatap banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki ba\u015fka bir banka taraf\u0131ndan, \u00e7ek hesab\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bankadan gelen provizyon i\u015flemine g\u00f6re “vekaleten” yap\u0131lan i\u015flemin hukuki niteli\u011finin, 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5\/1. maddesinde belirtilen “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi olarak kabul edilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmemi\u015ftir.
Bankalararas\u0131 takas sisteminde tam kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmayan bir \u00e7ek \u00fczerinde, muhatap bankadan ba\u015fka bir banka taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeki bu tespit \u00fczerine; hamilin, TTK<\/strong>‘nin hukuki anlamda ba\u015fvuru (m\u00fcracaat) haklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a h\u00fck\u00fcm alt\u0131na al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu nedenle takas odas\u0131na ibraz edilen \u00e7ek \u00fczerinde “…tarihinde \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur” \u015feklinde yap\u0131lan i\u015flemin, \u00f6zel hukuk alan\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm ve sonu\u00e7lar do\u011furaca\u011f\u0131 tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r.
Muhatap banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir banka taraf\u0131ndan kanuni ibraz s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde hesaben \u00f6demenin yap\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu gibi durumlarda; yetkili hamilin \u00e7eki sonradan muhatap bankaya ibraz ederek, bankan\u0131n “\u00f6demekle y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc oldu\u011fu tutar\u0131n” ve\/veya “hesaptaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n” \u00f6denmesi ile “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 istemesi \u00f6n\u00fcnde bir engel bulunmamaktad\u0131r.
Ancak, \u00e7ekin \u00f6deme i\u00e7in ilk kez muhatap banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir bankaya ibraz edildi\u011fi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda; muhatap bankaca sonradan yap\u0131lacak “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015fleminin tamamlanmas\u0131 uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n, \u00f6deme i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bankaya yap\u0131lan ilk ibraz tarihindeki kay\u0131tlar esas al\u0131narak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi de de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.
Muhatap banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir bankaya ibraz halinde, sistemde tam kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lan bir \u00e7ekin, k\u0131smi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n muhatap banka taraf\u0131ndan 15 g\u00fcn s\u00fcreyle bloke edilmesi hususu ise; muhatap bankan\u0131n k\u0131smi \u00f6demeye dair yine \u00f6zel hukuk alan\u0131nda h\u00fck\u00fcm ve sonu\u00e7 do\u011furacak bir husustur.
c-) 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5\/1. maddesindeki “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet verme” su\u00e7unun yasal unsurlar\u0131 ve su\u00e7un i\u015flendi\u011fi tarih
Dairemizin 05.11.2018 <\/strong>tarihli, 2018\/6510 E. 2018\/11325 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere; 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7ek Kanunu’nun 5\/(1). maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen “\u00e7ekle ilgili olarak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet verme” su\u00e7unun maddi unsurlar\u0131;
1. Su\u00e7a konu \u00e7ekin, 6102 say\u0131l\u0131 TTK<\/strong>‘de \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen zorunlu unsurlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131,
2. \u00c7ekin yetkili hamil taraf\u0131ndan, kanuni ibraz s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde muhatap bankaya ibraz edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131,
3. Kanunda yaz\u0131l\u0131 usule uygun \u015fekilde ibraz edilen \u00e7ek \u00fczerinde banka taraf\u0131ndan “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015fleminin yap\u0131lmas\u0131na fail taraf\u0131ndan sebebiyet verilmi\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r.
Dairemizin 27.01.2020 <\/strong>tarihli, 2019\/35817 E. 2020\/415 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere;
\u00c7ekle ilgili olarak “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet verme” su\u00e7undan g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan bir ceza davas\u0131na konu \u00e7ekin s\u00fcresinde bankaya ibraz\u0131nda; muhatap banka taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen “herhangi bir sebeple” \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne, 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3\/4. maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 hususlar \u015ferh edilmek suretiyle, usul\u00fcne uygun \u015fekilde bir “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015fsa, \u00e7ek hesab\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulundurmakla y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fc failin iradesi ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla do\u011frudan ilgili olmayan objektif cezaland\u0131r\u0131labilme \u015fart\u0131, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla su\u00e7un kanunda \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen neticesi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeyece\u011finden, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n beraatine karar verilmesi gerekecektir.
Ancak, hemen belirtmek gerekir ki; Dairemizin karar\u0131nda, \u00e7ekin arkas\u0131na 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3\/4. maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 hususlardan tamamen farkl\u0131 olarak ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclen (ke\u015fideci \u015firket aleyhine konkordato davas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu, \u00f6dememe y\u00f6n\u00fcnde tedbir karar\u0131 oldu\u011fu veya imzan\u0131n ke\u015fideci imzas\u0131na benzetilemedi\u011fi vb.) de\u011fi\u015fik gerek\u00e7elerle “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015fleminin yap\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131” y\u00f6n\u00fcnde ibarelerin yaz\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n, su\u00e7un unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n olu\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeterli g\u00f6r\u00fclemeyece\u011fi vurgulanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
Anayasa Mahkemesinin; eylemin hen\u00fcz su\u00e7 olarak d\u00fczenlenmedi\u011fi bir tarihte ileri tarihli ke\u015fide edilmi\u015f \u00e7eklerle ilgili olarak, eylemin su\u00e7 say\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sonraki bir tarihte ibraz edilmesi ve “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemine tabi tutulmas\u0131 halinde su\u00e7 say\u0131lmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine y\u00f6nelik iptal ba\u015fvurusunda vermi\u015f oldu\u011fu; 26.07.2017 <\/strong>tarihli, 2016\/191 esas ve 2017\/131 karar say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131nda; “…su\u00e7 olu\u015fturan eylemin ibraz tarihinde \u00e7ek hesab\u0131nda \u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bulundurmamak oldu\u011fu, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet verme su\u00e7unun kanuni ibraz s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde ibraz edildi\u011finde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair i\u015flemin yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131, kural\u0131n y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi\u011fi tarihten sonra “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet veren ki\u015filerin cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ge\u00e7mi\u015fe y\u00f6nelik bir cezaland\u0131rman\u0131n s\u00f6z konusu olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131…” gerek\u00e7esiyle Anayasa’ya ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k itirazlar\u0131 reddedilmi\u015ftir.
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet verme su\u00e7unun i\u015flendi\u011fi an, kural olarak; kanun\u00ee ibraz s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde ibraz\u0131nda, \u00e7ekle ilgili “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015fleminin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 and\u0131r.
Yukar\u0131da izah edildi\u011fi \u00fczere; \u00e7ekin s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde ilk kez muhatap banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bir bankaya ibraz\u0131 halinde, “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015fleminin sonradan tamamlat\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden, su\u00e7 tarihinin hangi tarih olarak kabul edilmesi gerekti\u011fine gelince;
Muhatap banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir bankaya yap\u0131lan s\u00fcresinde ibraz i\u015fleminden sonra tamamlanacak “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015fleminin, ibraz tarihindeki kay\u0131tlar esas al\u0131narak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi, sonradan yap\u0131lan kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015fleminin tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u015fleminin, ba\u015fka bir bankaca vekaleten yap\u0131lan tespit s\u0131ras\u0131nda g\u00f6nderilen “provizyon” i\u015fleminin \u00e7ek \u00fczerine \u015ferh d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclmesi mahiyetinde olaca\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda;
\u00c7ek, ba\u015fka bir banka arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla sistem \u00fczerinden muhatap bankaya s\u00fcresinde ibraz edilmi\u015f ve o andaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, provizyon i\u015flemi ile sabit hale getirilmi\u015f oldu\u011fundan, sonradan tamamlanan “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi nedeniyle su\u00e7 tarihinin; muhatap d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir bankaya yap\u0131lan “ibraz tarihi” olarak kabul edilmesi gerekmektedir.
d-) Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015fleminin eksik veya hatal\u0131 yap\u0131lmas\u0131, Kanun’da yaz\u0131l\u0131 hususlar\u0131n tamamlanmamas\u0131 hallerinde \u0130cra Ceza Mahkemesince h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131 i\u00e7in yap\u0131labilecek ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 ve cezai sorumluluk
\u00c7ekin, s\u00fcresinde \u00e7ek hesab\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu muhatap bankaya veya muhatap bankan\u0131n herhangi bir \u015fubesine s\u00fcresinde ibraz\u0131nda; k\u0131smen veya tamamen kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 halinde, hamilin talebi \u00fczerine \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3\/4. maddesindeki hususlar\u0131n yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle muhatap bankaca “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur.
5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’a g\u00f6re; “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015fleminin her muhatap banka taraf\u0131ndan ayn\u0131 s\u0131ra, ayn\u0131 ka\u015fe, ortak dil veya s\u00f6zc\u00fck dizili\u015fi kullan\u0131larak ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu de\u011fildir. Ancak, muhatap banka taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak her “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015fleminde, Kanun’un 3\/4. maddesinde belirtilen hususlar\u0131n \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcnden a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.
5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5\/1. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen su\u00e7 nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131lacak ceza davas\u0131nda \u015fikayet hakk\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011funun ispatlanmas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan, su\u00e7a konu \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcnden ibraz edildi\u011fi tarihin ve en az\u0131ndan o tarihte tam kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.
\u00c7ekin, \u00e7ek hesab\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki bir bankaya s\u00fcresinde ibraz\u0131nda ise; sadece tam kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmas\u0131 halinde hesaben \u00f6deme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olup, ba\u015fka bankaca muhatap banka ad\u0131na, \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3\/4. maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 hususlar\u0131n yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 beklenemez. Bu durumda, \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcnde yap\u0131lacak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r \u015ferhinin muhatap bankaca sonradan tamamlanmas\u0131 da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Ancak, 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7ek Kanunu’nun 5\/1. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen su\u00e7 dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet veren bir fail hakk\u0131nda \u015fikayet hakk\u0131n\u0131n kullanabilmesi, dava a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 ve san\u0131k hakk\u0131nda cezaya h\u00fckmedilebilmesi i\u00e7in kural olarak 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da yap\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunlu “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015fleminin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu olmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda; ilk kez ba\u015fka bir bankaya ibraz edilen \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne, sonradan muhatap banka taraf\u0131ndan zorunlu hususlar\u0131n yaz\u0131lmak suretiyle tamamlanan “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015fleminin, en ge\u00e7 ceza davas\u0131 a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fikayet s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekmektedir.
Yetkili hamilin, herhangi bir nedenle, muhatap bankaya veya muhatap banka d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka bir bankaya ilk kez ibraz etti\u011fi \u00e7ekin arkas\u0131na sadece “i\u015fbu \u00e7ekin … tarihinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur.” \u015feklinde yaz\u0131lan ibare ile yetinerek, “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemini tamamlatmamas\u0131 veya bu hususa dair a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 tamamlamadan \u015fikayet hakk\u0131n\u0131 kullanmas\u0131 halinde; \u0130cra Ceza Mahkemesince Kanun’un 3\/4. maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 hususlar\u0131n re’sen ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131 hususuna gelince;
2004 say\u0131l\u0131 \u0130cra ve \u0130flas Kanunu’na g\u00f6re; \u015fikayet \u00fczerine a\u00e7\u0131lan davada, \u0130cra Ceza Mahkemelerince yap\u0131lacak tahkikat, her ne kadar da sunulan delillerle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olsa da; \u015fikayet edilen ki\u015finin faillik s\u0131fat\u0131n\u0131n bulunup bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve \u015fikayete konu eylemin su\u00e7un unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011finin re’sen ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 zorunludur. A\u00e7\u0131lan davada en \u00f6nemli delil, su\u00e7a konu edilen ve ibraz tarihinde tam kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmayan \u00e7ektir. Hal b\u00f6yleyken, maddi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fe ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 amac\u0131yla; mahkemeden eldeki kesin delillerle tam tersi y\u00f6nde re’sen tan\u0131k dinlenmesi veya savunmada istenmedi\u011fi halde re’sen bilirki\u015fi raporu haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131 gibi delil toplama yoluna gidilemeyecektir. Ancak ilgili bankaya yaz\u0131lacak bir yaz\u0131yla \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcnden a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131lamayan hususlar\u0131n tespit edilebilmesi m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.
Su\u00e7 ve cezalar\u0131n kanunili\u011fi ilkesi, Anayasa’da ve T\u00fcrk Ceza Kanunu’nun 2. maddesinde yer alan temel ve evrensel bir ceza hukuku ilkesidir. Buna g\u00f6re; su\u00e7 olu\u015fturan fiilin ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda hangi cezaya h\u00fckmedilece\u011finin, su\u00e7 i\u015flendi\u011fi tarihte ilgili “Kanun”da a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmas\u0131 ve hen\u00fcz su\u00e7 i\u015flenmeden herkes taraf\u0131ndan bilinmesi (\u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilmesi) Anayasa’da ifadesini bulan hukuk devleti ilkesinin de bir gere\u011fidir.
Kanun koyucunun 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5\/1. maddesinde d\u00fczenledi\u011fi su\u00e7a konu eylem; “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet verme eylemidir. Kanun koyucunun bu su\u00e7 kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc cezai yapt\u0131r\u0131m ise; Kanun’un 5\/1. maddesinde a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a yaz\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011fu \u00fczere, (TCK<\/strong>‘de alt s\u0131n\u0131r olarak kabul edilen be\u015f g\u00fcnden) 1500 g\u00fcne kadar takdir edilecek adli para cezas\u0131d\u0131r. Takdir edilecek sonu\u00e7 cezan\u0131n \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan miktar\u0131ndan az olmas\u0131 halinde \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan miktar\u0131 kadar yap\u0131lacak art\u0131r\u0131m h\u00fckmedilecek sonu\u00e7 ceza miktar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyecektir. O halde, 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’da, su\u00e7 ve cezalar\u0131n kanunili\u011fi ilkesine ayk\u0131r\u0131 bir ifade bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi “\u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan miktar\u0131n\u0131n”, mahkemece takdir edilecek ceza \u00fczerinde yap\u0131lacak bir art\u0131r\u0131m sebebi oldu\u011fu kabul edilmelidir.
Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet verme su\u00e7unun cezas\u0131n\u0131n; 1500 g\u00fcne kadar adli para cezas\u0131 oldu\u011fu, do\u011frudan \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan miktar\u0131 kadar verilecek adli para cezas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, netice cezan\u0131n bu miktara g\u00f6re degi\u015febilece\u011fi tart\u0131\u015fmas\u0131zd\u0131r.
\u00c7ek Kanunu’nun 3\/4. maddesinde belirtilen ve yukar\u0131da yaz\u0131l\u0131 ama\u00e7lara hizmet eden hususlar\u0131n, \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a ve eksiksiz bi\u00e7imde yaz\u0131lmamas\u0131 veya sadece “i\u015fbu \u00e7ekin … tarihinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur.” ibaresinin yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 halinde;
\u0130cra Ceza Mahkemelerince, \u015fikayet edilen ki\u015finin fail olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ve maddi ger\u00e7ekli\u011fin tespiti amac\u0131yla; \u00e7ek hesab\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bankadan, \u00e7ek hesab\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulundurmakla yetkili ki\u015filerin kimler olduklar\u0131n\u0131n ve \u00e7ek hesab\u0131n\u0131n ibraz an\u0131ndaki kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile sonradan hamile \u00f6denen miktar\u0131(varsa) g\u00f6steren kay\u0131tlar\u0131n g\u00f6nderilmesi istenebilecektir. \u0130lgili bankadan gelecek yaz\u0131ya istinaden, Kanun’un 3\/4. maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 di\u011fer hususlar ile sonu\u00e7 cezaya esas te\u015fkil edecek “\u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z kalan miktar\u0131” gibi hususlar\u0131n, mahkemece her zaman kolayl\u0131kla belirlenebilecek hususlar oldu\u011fu, \u00f6te yandan Yarg\u0131tay C**** *** g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde de belirtildi\u011fi \u00fczere, \u00c7ek Kanunu’nun 3\/4. maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 hususlar\u0131n; Kanun’un 5\/1. maddesinde d\u00fczenlenen “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet verme” su\u00e7unun unsurlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fil, “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015fleminin yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren a\u00e7\u0131klay\u0131c\u0131 hususlar oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.
3-) Ula\u015f\u0131lan Kanaat ve Gerek\u00e7e
5941 say\u0131l\u0131 \u00c7ek Kanunu’nun ama\u00e7lar\u0131ndan biri \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 halinde yap\u0131lacak i\u015flemler ile y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerin belirlenmesi iken; bir di\u011fer ama\u00e7 da \u00e7ek hamillerinin korunmas\u0131d\u0131r. 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5\/1. maddesine y\u00f6nelik madde gerek\u00e7esinde de; ibraz tarihinde \u00e7ek kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilgili banka hesab\u0131nda tam olarak bulunmamas\u0131 halinde su\u00e7un olu\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edildi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Bu nedenlerle;
\u00c7ekin s\u00fcresinde ibraz\u0131nda, arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne sadece “…tarihinde i\u015fbu \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur.” \u015feklinde yaz\u0131lan ibarenin, 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 3\/4. maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 \u015fekilde bir kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi olarak kabul edilemeyece\u011fi, ancak \u015fikayet s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde, muhatap bankaya ba\u015fvurularak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015fleminin, ilk ibraz tarihindeki kay\u0131tlar esas al\u0131nmak suretiyle tamamlanabilece\u011fi,
Do\u011frudan veya sonradan muhatap bankaya ba\u015fvurulmas\u0131 \u00fczerine \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcnde sadece “…tarihinde i\u015fbu \u00e7ekin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur.” \u015feklindeki ibarenin yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 veya Kanundaki hususlar\u0131n tam olarak yaz\u0131lmamas\u0131 durumunda a\u00e7\u0131lacak ceza davalar\u0131nda, \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcnden giderilemeyen\/ eksik kalan hususlar\u0131n \u0130cra Ceza Mahkemelerince re’sen ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ve h\u00fck\u00fcm kurulmas\u0131n\u0131n, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla san\u0131\u011f\u0131n cezaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu de\u011ferlendirilmi\u015ftir.
G-) SONU\u00c7<\/strong>
\u00c7ekle ilgili olarak “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet verme” su\u00e7undan g\u00f6r\u00fclmekte olan bir ceza davas\u0131nda, su\u00e7a konu konu \u00e7ekin (muhatap bankaya veya hesaben \u00f6deme i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir bankaya) s\u00fcresinde ibraz edilmi\u015f olmas\u0131 ve ilk ibraz tarihinde tam olarak kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bulunmamas\u0131 halinde;
– Hesaben \u00f6deme i\u00e7in ibraz edilen ba\u015fka bir banka veya muhatap banka taraf\u0131ndan \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcne sadece “i\u015fbu \u00e7ekin … tarihinde kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 yoktur” ibaresi yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 suretiyle yap\u0131lan i\u015flemin, 5941 Kanun’un 3\/4. maddesinde aranan hususlar\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi olarak kabul edilmesinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131,
– Ancak \u00e7ekin en ge\u00e7 \u015fikayet s\u00fcresi i\u00e7inde muhatap bankaya sunularak “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015fleminin tamamlat\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn g\u00f6r\u00fclmekle birlikte; \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcnde yap\u0131lan “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r” i\u015flemi \u00c7ek Kanunu’nun 3\/4. maddesinde yaz\u0131l\u0131 hususlar bak\u0131m\u0131ndan eksik olsa da; 5941 say\u0131l\u0131 Kanun’un 5\/1. maddesinde unsurlar\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131 “kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131zd\u0131r i\u015flemi yap\u0131lmas\u0131na sebebiyet verme” su\u00e7u nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131lan davalarda, su\u00e7a konu \u00e7ekin arka y\u00fcz\u00fcnde yaz\u0131l\u0131 olmayan eksik hususlar\u0131n \u0130cra Ceza Mahkemesince re’sen yap\u0131lacak ara\u015ft\u0131rmayla belirlenebildi\u011fi durumlarda san\u0131\u011f\u0131n mahkumiyetine karar verilebilece\u011fine, 10.03.2021 <\/strong>tarihinde oy birli\u011fiyle karar verildi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"