T\u00fcketici mahkemelerinin g\u00f6revleri, Kanunda; \u201cBu Kanunun uygulanmas\u0131yla ilgili olarak \u00e7\u0131kacak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihtilaflara t\u00fcketici mahkemelerinde bak\u0131l\u0131r\u201d denilmek suretiyle belirlenmi\u015ftir (TKHK m. 23\/1). Maddede a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u201cbu Kanun\u2026\u201d tabiri kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, TKHK\u2019n\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu belirlemek gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcketici; \u201cBir mal veya hizmeti ticari veya mesleki olmayan ama\u00e7larla edinen, kullanan veya yararlanan ger\u00e7ek ya da t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri\u201d (m. 3\/e); sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 ise; \u201cKamu t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri de dahil olmak \u00fczere ticari veya mesleki faaliyetleri kapsam\u0131nda t\u00fcketiciye hizmet sunan ger\u00e7ek veya t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri\u201d (m. 3\/g) ifade eder \u015feklinde tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6te yandan, Kanun\u2019un kapsam\u0131 belirlenirken \u201cher t\u00fcrl\u00fc t\u00fcketici i\u015fleminden\u201d bahsedilmi\u015f olup, \u201ct\u00fcketici i\u015flemi\u201dnin ne oldu\u011fu da \u201ctan\u0131mlar\u201d ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 3. maddesinde a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Buna g\u00f6re; t\u00fcketici i\u015flemi, mal veya hizmet piyasalar\u0131nda t\u00fcketici ile sat\u0131c\u0131-sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan her t\u00fcrl\u00fc hukuki i\u015flemi ifade etmektedir (m. 3\/h). Bir hukuki i\u015flemin, 4077 say\u0131l\u0131 TKHK kapsam\u0131nda kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kabul edilmesi i\u00e7in yasan\u0131n amac\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde yukar\u0131da tan\u0131mlar\u0131 verilen taraflar aras\u0131nda mal ve hizmet sat\u0131\u015f\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir hukuki i\u015flemin olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Di\u011fer taraftan dava tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fckte olan 6762 say\u0131l\u0131 T\u00fcrk Ticaret Kanunu (TTK)\u2019nun 14 ve 18.maddelerinde tacir s\u0131fat\u0131, ger\u00e7ek ve t\u00fczel ki\u015filer bak\u0131m\u0131ndan ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f; Kanunun 20 ve devam\u0131 maddelerinde tacir olman\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmleri; 3.maddesinde ticari i\u015fler a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015f; 5.maddesinde ise ticaret mahkemelerinin g\u00f6rev alan\u0131 d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A\u00e7\u0131klanan h\u00fck\u00fcmler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda t\u00fcm ticaret \u015firketleri tacir s\u0131fat\u0131na sahip olup, tacir niteli\u011findeki t\u00fczel ki\u015fileri ilgilendiren b\u00fct\u00fcn muamele, fiil ve i\u015flerin ticari olmas\u0131 as\u0131ld\u0131r. E\u011fer, bir muamele, fiil veya i\u015f ticari i\u015f ise, bunlara \u00f6zel ticari kurallar uygulan\u0131r. Bir tacirin bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ticari olmas\u0131 as\u0131l olmakla birlikte ger\u00e7ek ki\u015fi olan bir tacir, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015f ve i\u015flemin veya ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 hizmetin ticari i\u015fletmesiyle ilgili olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 di\u011fer tarafa a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a bildirdi\u011fi veya muamele fiil veya i\u015fleminin ticari say\u0131lmas\u0131na halin icab\u0131, m\u00fcsait bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 takdirde, bu i\u015flemlerden do\u011fan bor\u00e7 adi, yani \u00f6zel say\u0131lacakt\u0131r (TTK. m. 21).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tacir olman\u0131n nimetine g\u00f6re k\u00fclfeti de mevcuttur. Zira TTK\u2019n\u0131n 20-25. maddelerinde tacir s\u0131fat\u0131na ba\u011flanan yerine g\u00f6re \u201chak\u201d yerine g\u00f6re \u201ck\u00fclfet\u201d niteli\u011fi arz eden hukuki sonu\u00e7lar d\u00fczenlenmi\u015ftir. Bunlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlilerinden biri basiretli i\u015f adam\u0131 gibi davranma zorunlulu\u011fudur (TTK. m. 20\/II). Tacirin, ticari i\u015fletmesiyle ilgili t\u00fcm faaliyetlerinde basiretli bir i\u015f adam\u0131 gibi davranmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu c\u00fcmleden olarak, ticari i\u015fletmesiyle ilgili s\u00f6zle\u015fmeleri yaparken ve bu s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerden do\u011fan bor\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 yerine getirirken basiretli bir i\u015f adam\u0131 gibi davranmak zorunda olan tacirler t\u00fcketiciler i\u00e7in d\u00fczenlenen yasa h\u00fck\u00fcmleri kapsam\u0131na al\u0131namazlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcm bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda somut olaya gelince; davac\u0131 limited \u015firket, tacir olup; t\u00fczel ki\u015filik ad\u0131na ticari i\u015fletmesinde kullanmak \u00fczere otomobil sat\u0131n alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Davac\u0131 t\u00fcketici olarak tan\u0131mlanamayaca\u011f\u0131 gibi, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemin t\u00fcketici i\u015flemi olarak kabul\u00fcne de olanak bulunmamaktad\u0131r. Her ne kadar arac\u0131n trafik sicil kayd\u0131nda ve ruhsat fotokopisinde \u201chususi\u201d yaz\u0131l\u0131 ise de arac\u0131n sahibinin \u015firket olmas\u0131 ve faturan\u0131n da \u015firket ad\u0131na d\u00fczenlenmesi nedeniyle, bu ara\u00e7 \u00f6zel de\u011fil, ticari bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Bu durumda taraflar ve i\u015flemin niteli\u011fine g\u00f6re, ortada bir t\u00fcketici i\u015fleminin bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131lmakla \u00d6zel Dairenin bozma karar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gerek\u00e7e yan\u0131nda yukar\u0131da a\u00e7\u0131klanan geni\u015fletilmi\u015f gerek\u00e7e ile bozma karar\u0131na uyulmak gerekirken \u00f6nceki kararda direnilmesi usul ve yasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131d\u0131r (HGK-K.2020\/13).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hususi Ara\u00e7 \u015eirket Ad\u0131na Kaydedildi\u011finde Davaya Bakmaya Asliye Ticaret Mahkemesi G\u00f6revlidir T\u00fcketici mahkemelerinin g\u00f6revleri, Kanunda; \u201cBu Kanunun uygulanmas\u0131yla ilgili olarak \u00e7\u0131kacak her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihtilaflara t\u00fcketici mahkemelerinde bak\u0131l\u0131r\u201d denilmek suretiyle belirlenmi\u015ftir (TKHK m. 23\/1). Maddede a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u201cbu Kanun\u2026\u201d tabiri kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, TKHK\u2019n\u0131n kapsam\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu belirlemek gerekir. T\u00fcketici; \u201cBir mal veya hizmeti ticari veya mesleki olmayan…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10362,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[65],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10857"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10857"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10857\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10858,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10857\/revisions\/10858"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10362"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10857"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}