Ay\u0131pl\u0131 maldan kaynaklanan sorumlulu\u011fu birden \u00e7ok sebebe dayand\u0131rabilme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu durumlarda, aksine bir talebi olmad\u0131k\u00e7a t\u00fcketicinin en iyi \u015fekilde tazminat hakk\u0131n\u0131 elde edebilece\u011fi sorumluluk h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re karar verilmesi gerekir. TBK\u2019n\u0131n 60\u2019\u0131nc\u0131 maddesinde yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenleme uyar\u0131nca \u201cBir ki\u015finin sorumlulu\u011fu birden \u00e7ok sebebe dayand\u0131r\u0131labiliyorsa, h\u00e2kim zarar g\u00f6ren aksini istemi\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a veya kanunda aksi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmedik\u00e7e, zarar g\u00f6rene en iyi giderim imk\u00e2n\u0131 sa\u011flayan sorumluluk sebebine g\u00f6re karar verir.\u201d Yap\u0131lan bu d\u00fczenlemeden a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00fczere haklar\u0131n yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 veya sorumluluk sebeplerinin yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 durumunda t\u00fcketici lehine en fazla hak sa\u011flayan h\u00fck\u00fcmlerin uygulanmas\u0131 zorunludur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalardan sonra somut olaya d\u00f6n\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde; Taraflar aras\u0131ndaki sat\u0131m s\u00f6zle\u015fmesinin eki niteli\u011findeki tan\u0131t\u0131m bro\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcnde ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n bulundu\u011fu parselin \u00f6n\u00fcndeki alana (65 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz), h\u00e2lihaz\u0131rdakinden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezi ile okul in\u015fa edilece\u011finin taahh\u00fct edildi\u011fi \u00e7eki\u015fmesizdir. \u00c7eki\u015fme, imar durumunda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yap\u0131larak bu taahh\u00fctten farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde 65 parsel say\u0131l\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n neredeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131 kaplayacak geni\u015flikte tek bina h\u00e2linde bir al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 ile do\u011fmu\u015ftur. Davac\u0131 t\u00fcketici, yap\u0131lan bu in\u015faat\u0131n tamamlanmas\u0131 ile sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 dairenin al\u0131\u015fveri\u015f merkezine bakan cephelerini kullan\u0131rken aradaki mesafenin az olmas\u0131 nedeniyle g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fc ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc gibi nedenlerle rahats\u0131zl\u0131k ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bu durumun ta\u015f\u0131nmaz\u0131n de\u011ferinde azalma meydana getirdi\u011fini ifade etmi\u015ftir. Bu iddia esas olarak, al\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmede kendisine taahh\u00fct edilenden farkl\u0131 bir netice ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131, ba\u015fka bir anlat\u0131mla sat\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131 ifas\u0131 temeline dayal\u0131d\u0131r. Eldeki uyu\u015fmazl\u0131kta oldu\u011fu gibi t\u00fcketicinin tercihini u\u011fran\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddia edilen zarar\u0131n maddi olarak telafisi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde kullanmas\u0131 h\u00e2linde, ger\u00e7ekten de tazminat gerektirir bir zarar\u0131n, ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle bedel indirimini gerektirir ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n var olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n objektif \u015fekilde belirlenmesi gerekir. Bu noktada ise tazminat miktar\u0131n\u0131n ne suretle tespit edilece\u011fi hususu g\u00fcndeme gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu konuda herhangi bir yasal d\u00fczenleme bulunmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ger\u00e7ek anlamda zarar, mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n irade d\u0131\u015f\u0131 azalmas\u0131na neden olan zarar verici olaydan sonraki durumu ile bu olay ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f olmasayd\u0131 bulunaca\u011f\u0131 durum aras\u0131ndaki fark olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan madd\u00ee zarard\u0131r ve s\u00f6zle\u015fmeye ayk\u0131r\u0131l\u0131k, eksik veya ay\u0131pl\u0131 i\u015fler nedenleri ile ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan bedel fark\u0131n\u0131n (semen tenzilinin) \u00f6detilmesi davalar\u0131nda, indirime konu edilecek miktar\u0131n tespiti i\u00e7in doktrinde, \u201cmutlak metot\u201d, \u201cnispi metot\u201d ve \u201ctazminat metodu\u201d ad\u0131yla bilinen de\u011fi\u015fik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler mevcut olmakla birlikte, somut olayda uygulanmas\u0131 gereken y\u00f6ntem, Yarg\u0131tay uygulamalar\u0131 ile de yerle\u015fmi\u015f bulunan \u201cnispi metot\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan hesaplama y\u00f6ntemidir. Bu metoda g\u00f6re sat\u0131\u015f tarihi itibariyle sat\u0131lan\u0131n, ay\u0131ps\u0131z (zarar do\u011furdu\u011fu iddia edilen durum olmaks\u0131z\u0131n halinin) ve ay\u0131pl\u0131 (iddian\u0131n dayana\u011f\u0131 durumla birlikteki halinin) de\u011ferleri aras\u0131ndaki oran\u0131n, sat\u0131\u015f bedeline yans\u0131ma miktar\u0131 belirlenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ba\u015fka bir ifade ile sat\u0131lan\u0131n, taraflar\u0131n kararla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131klar\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f bedeli g\u00f6zetilmeksizin, sat\u0131\u015f tarihi itibariyle ger\u00e7ek ay\u0131ps\u0131z rayi\u00e7 de\u011feri ile mevcut ay\u0131pl\u0131 h\u00e2ldeki rayi\u00e7 de\u011feri ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 belirlenerek, bu iki de\u011ferin birbirine b\u00f6l\u00fcnmesi suretiyle elde edilecek oran, sat\u0131\u015f bedeline uygulanmaktad\u0131r (HGK\u2019n\u0131n 27.05.2015 g\u00fcn, 2013\/13-2257 E., 2015\/1450 K. say\u0131l\u0131 karar\u0131). (Yarg\u0131tay Hukuk Genel Kurulu – Karar : 2018\/414).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ay\u0131pl\u0131 Mal Davas\u0131nda Zarar\u0131n Tespiti Y\u00f6ntemi Ay\u0131pl\u0131 maldan kaynaklanan sorumlulu\u011fu birden \u00e7ok sebebe dayand\u0131rabilme imk\u00e2n\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu durumlarda, aksine bir talebi olmad\u0131k\u00e7a t\u00fcketicinin en iyi \u015fekilde tazminat hakk\u0131n\u0131 elde edebilece\u011fi sorumluluk h\u00fck\u00fcmlerine g\u00f6re karar verilmesi gerekir. TBK\u2019n\u0131n 60\u2019\u0131nc\u0131 maddesinde yap\u0131lan d\u00fczenleme uyar\u0131nca \u201cBir ki\u015finin sorumlulu\u011fu birden \u00e7ok sebebe dayand\u0131r\u0131labiliyorsa, h\u00e2kim zarar g\u00f6ren aksini istemi\u015f olmad\u0131k\u00e7a veya…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":10362,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[65],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10811"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10811"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10811\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10812,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10811\/revisions\/10812"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10362"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10811"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10811"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.avrasyahukuk.com.tr\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10811"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}